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Policy Brief No. 3 ‘Introducing Sexuality Education: Key Steps for Advocates in Europe and Central Asia’ provides an overview of the most important steps for the introduction (or revision) of national in-school sexuality-education programmes and reviews of existing resources.
This paper demonstrates a comprehensive and thorough application of an education cost-effectiveness analysis. Two interventions implemented in Western Kenya aimed to reduce the incidence of HIV/AIDS contraction in middle school girls. The cost-effectiveness of each intervention is assessed, ex post facto, by combining the results of the two programs’ evaluations with their costs. As few education evaluations consider cost, this article highlights a sound and disciplined method to use when detailed cost information is both readily available and unavailable. …
The cost-effectiveness and optimal composition of school health and nutrition (SHN) programmes which integrate a number of different health interventions is an unknown to government decision makers.
Most countries do not know much about the outcomes or impact of activities related to gender based violence. Gender based violence undermines both social and economic development and the individual’s capacity for realising her or his rights and potentials under already strained conditions. Statistical data in the Seychelles points to the growing phenomenon of gender based violence. …
Our objectives for this study were to provide updated, realistic data on the costs and cost-outcomes of school feeding in Low and Middle Income Countries. We also aimed to identify factors that may influence effectiveness and therefore, cost effectiveness of the interventions. To do this, we combined data on effect sizes for physical and psychosocial outcomes from two Cochrane systematic reviews with new data on the costs of school feeding. We simulated the costs of preschool feeding based on the school feeding costs. …
School feeding has led to measurable gains in education and health outcomes, as evidenced widely in the literature. There are a few evaluations showing little or no improvement in education and health outcomes. This may be less widely reported or highlighted. Recording of economic benefits has received little attention. A Cochrane review by Kristjansson et al. (2007) investigated the effects of school feeding on health for disadvantaged children. It concluded that there were some small benefits. Jomaa et al. …
Policy-makers making decisions on the implementation of school-based sexuality education (SE) programmes face two important questions: (1) what are the costs of implementing and scaling up SE programmes, and (2) what are the impacts? This paper responds to these questions by retrospectively assessing costs, impact and cost-effectiveness of the national school-based SE programme in Estonia 1997–2009. The three-year curriculum had been taught to 190,000 students at the end of 2009. The cost of reaching one student was USD 32.90 and the total costs were USD 5.6 million. …
The purpose of this paper is to provide an up-to-date literature review on school feeding and the potential impact on nutrition, including school age children, pre-school and adolescent girls. The review is aimed at providing evidence-based guidance to national governments on school feeding and nutrition from a lifecycle approach. The review seeks to consolidate the existing evidence, analyse what this evidence translates into in terms of programming, and understand the potential of improving nutrition through school feeding programmes globally. …
Background An estimated 2.1 million individuals are newly infected with HIV every year. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have reported conflicting evidence for the association between education and HIV risk, and no randomised trial has identified a causal effect for education on HIV incidence. We aimed to use a policy reform in secondary schooling in Botswana to identify the causal effect of length of schooling on new HIV infection. …
In preparation for the Oslo Summit on Education for Development in July 2015, the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD) commissioned SEEK Development to conduct an evaluation of the costs and benefits of education from a health perspective. Such a study is very relevant in light of ongoing discussions around the Sustainable Development Goals and post-2015 development agenda, which emphasize the need for a stronger focus on the broader determinants of health. The study is organized around three interconnected workstreams. …
The World Health Organisation, amongst others, recognises that adolescent men have a vital yet neglected role in reducing teenage pregnancies and that there is a pressing need for educational interventions designed especially for them. This study seeks to fill this gap by determining the feasibility of conducting an effectiveness trial of the If I Were Jack intervention in post-primary schools. This 4-week intervention aims to increase teenagers’ intentions to avoid unintended pregnancy and addresses gender inequalities in sex education by explicitly focusing on young men. …
The aims of this study were, first, to identify current forms of school-based sexual health services (SBSHS) and school-linked sexual health services (SLSHS) in the UK; second, to review and synthesise existing evidence from qualitative and quantitative studies concerning the effectiveness, acceptability and cost-effectiveness of these types of service, and third, to identify potential areas for further research. The study had two components. …
The Namibian Government is committed to provide services to the citizens of Namibia. Apart from the sector’s responsibility to deliver services by maintaining a healthy and productive workforce, the Government needs to sustain current practices, develop innovative approaches to future challenges, and maintain an institutional memory that sustains the employees and the services rendered to the population of Namibia. HIV and AIDS is one of the factors that impact on the ability of the Public Sector to deliver services. …
This brief provides evidence-backed advice to policymakers on how to get greater impact from HIV financing. RethinkHIV is a new research initiative, funded by the Rush Foundation, that aims to conduct and evaluate cutting-edge research to inform long-term planning and resource-allocation for the treatment and management of HIV/AIDS.
Harm reduction strategies commonly include needle and syringe programmes (NSP), opioid substitution therapy (OST) and interventions combining these two strategies. Despite the proven effectiveness of harm-reduction strategies in reducing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among injecting drug users (IDUs), no study has compared the cost-effectiveness of these interventions, nor the incremental cost effectiveness of combined therapy. …
