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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park

Hawaii Volcanoes National Park

This site contains two of the most active volcanoes in the world, Mauna Loa (4,170 m high) and Kilauea (1,250 m high), both of which tower over the Pacific Ocean. Volcanic eruptions have created a constantly changing landscape, and the lava flows reveal surprising geological formations. Rare birds and endemic species can be found there, as well as forests of giant ferns.

Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Parc national des volcans d'Hawaï

Deux des volcans les plus actifs du monde, le Mauna Loa (4 170 m) et le Kilauea, y dominent l'océan Pacifique. Le paysage, qui change au gré des éruptions volcaniques et des coulées de lave, révèle de surprenantes formations géologiques. On y trouve des oiseaux rares et des espèces endémiques, ainsi que des forêts de fougères géantes.

Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

منتزه براكين هاواي الوطني

يكتنف المنتزه بركاني لو مونا لوا (4170) ولو كيلاو الأكثر نشاطاً المطلان على المحيط الهادئ. فالمنظر الطبيعي الذي تغَيّرَ تغيُّر أهواء الإنفجارات البركانيّة وسيل الحمم يعكس تكوّنات جيولوجيّة مذهلة. وفي هذا المنتره أيضاً عصافير نادرة الوجود وأصناف مستوطنة كما غابات سرخس عملاقة.

source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

夏威夷火山国家公园

世界上最活跃的两个活火山——冒纳罗亚山(海拔4170米)和基拉韦厄火山(海拔1,250米),就像两个巨塔俯瞰着太平洋。火山猛烈的喷发不断地改变周围的景观,熔岩流揭示了奇妙的地质构造过程。人类在这里发现了许多稀有鸟类、当地特有物种和大量的巨型蕨类植物。

source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Национальный парк Гавайские вулканы

Мауна-Лоа (высота 4170 м) и Килауэа (1250 м), два самых активных вулкана на Земле, высятся над тихоокеанскими просторами. Вулканические извержения формируют здесь постоянно изменяющийся ландшафт, застывшие потоки лавы встречаются повсюду. В парке отмечены редкие птицы и огромное число видов-эндемиков, здесь произрастают леса из гигантских древовидных папоротников.

source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Parque Nacional de los Volcanes de Hawai

En este parque se yerguen, dominando la costa del Pacífico, dos de los volcanes más activos del mundo, el Mauna Loa (4.170 metros de altitud) y el Kilauea. El paisaje, que cambia en función de las erupciones volcánicas y las coladas de lava, se pueden observar sorprendentes formaciones geológicas. El sitio alberga aves raras y diversas especies endémicas, así como bosques de helechos gigantes.

source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

ハワイ火山国立公園
太平洋にあるハワイ諸島の最大の島・ハワイ島の南東部には二つの活火山マウナ・ロア山とキラウェア山があります。今も活動を続けるこれらの火山からは地球形成の歴史を見ることができ、国立公園内には貴重な植物、鳥類が残されている。

source: NFUAJ

Nationaal park Hawaï-vulkanen

Dit gebied bevat twee van de meest actieve vulkanen ter wereld: de Mauna Loa (4.170 meter hoog) en de Kilauea (1.250 meter hoog). Beiden torenen ze uit boven de Stille Oceaan. Vulkaanuitbarstingen creëerden een voortdurend veranderend landschap en de lavastromen hebben verrassende geologische formaties blootgelegd. In het park zijn zeldzame vogels en inheemse diersoorten te vinden, evenals bossen van reusachtige varens. Het nationale park van de Hawaï vulkanen is het grootste en een van de meest bestudeerde parken ter wereld: sinds 1912 staat er al een geologisch onderzoeksstation. Door de verschillende hoogtes varieert het klimaat er van tropische vochtigheid tot een alpine woestijnklimaat.

Source: unesco.nl

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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park © OUR PLACE The World Heritage Collection
Outstanding Universal Value

Brief Synthesis

Hawaii Volcanoes National Park contains Mauna Loa and Kilauea, two of the world’s most active and accessible volcanoes where ongoing geological processes are easily observed. This property serves as an excellent example of island building through volcanic processes. Through the process of shield-building volcanism, the park's landscape is one of relatively constant, dynamic change.

Criterion (viii): This property is a unique example of significant island building through ongoing volcanic processes. It represents the most recent activity in the continuing process of the geologic origin and change of the Hawaiian Archipelago. The park contains significant parts of two of the world's most active and best understood volcanoes, Kilauea and Mauna Loa. The volcano Mauna Loa, measured from the ocean floor, is the greatest volcanic mass on earth.

Integrity

The original national park, as inscribed on the World Heritage List, is nearly 88,000 hectares, large enough to protect the geologic values for which the property was inscribed. Of these 88,000 hectares, 73% is designated as wilderness under the Wilderness Act of 1964, providing a high degree of protection. In 2004 the national park was increased in size by adding another 47,000 hectares (the Kahuku Unit), providing additional protection to the inscribed property. Visitation, while significant, is carefully planned and managed and does not pose a threat to the park’s geological resources.

The park does contend with a number of invasive species which threaten its numerous endemic and endangered plant and animal species. Most of the park is fenced, which has helped greatly in reducing the threat from ungulates. However, fencing is not effective against smaller mammals or against reptiles, birds and spores and seeds. While invasives do not impact the park’s Outstanding Universal Value under criterion (viii), they do pose a threat to the park’s ecological integrity and require active management.

Protection and management requirements

Designated by the U.S. Congress in 1916 as a national park, Hawai‘i Volcanoes is managed under the authority of the Organic Act of August 25, 1916 which established the United States National Park Service. In addition, the park has specific enabling legislation which provides broad congressional direction regarding the primary purposes of the park. Numerous other federal laws bring additional layers of protection to the park and its resources. Day to day management is directed by the Park Superintendent. The park was designated as a Biosphere Reserve in 1980.

Park management plans for the property have identified a number of resource protection measures, such as environmental assessment processes, zoning, ecological integrity and visitor monitoring, and education programs to address pressures arising from issues both inside and outside the property. A new General Management Plan was completed in 2016 which provides an updated 15-20 year vision for park management. The new General Management Plan recommends wilderness designation for nearly 49,000 hectares within the Kahuku unit.

Part of the park’s mandate is to provide access to volcanic resources and lava. Visitor safety is therefore a serious concern and management direction and actions are designed to protect visitors and employees from any effects of the active volcano, including lava, fumes, earthquakes, or tsunamis.

In addition, the National Park Service has established Management Policies which provide broader direction for all National Park Service units, including Hawai‘i Volcanoes.

The national park works closely with other land and water management agencies on the island of Hawai‘i to protect resources within the larger landscape. In particular, the park is a member of the Three Mountain Alliance, the largest watershed partnership in the state. The Three Mountain Alliance brings together federal, state and private landowners to identify and develop strategies for landscape-scale conservation on an area of over 450,000 contiguous hectares on the island of Hawai‘i.

The park honors Native Hawaiian people, protects Native Hawaiian historic and archeological sites and resources and preserves Native Hawaiian culture and values. Native Hawaiians believe that the park land is, 'Aina a ke akua e noho ai- the land where the god dwells and that the Goddess Pelehonuamea makes her home in the crater Halema‘uma‘u at the summit of Kilauea. Mauna Loa and Kilauea are sacred cultural landscapes and the park supports Native Hawaiian practices and consults with Native Hawaiian communities in order to ensure that the Hawaiian culture lives on.
Notes
  • Property inscribed for both geological and ecological values under natural criterion N (ii) before 1994. Criterion N (i) [Operational Guidelines 2002] was added. For more details see Decision 30.COM 8D.1.