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As part of a global initiative to improve women’s access to HIV prevention and treatment services, ICRW implemented a research study to expand the evidence base on access to services for two key populations in India: female sex workers in Pune, Maharashtra and wives of migrant men in Ganjam, Orissa. The main objectives of the research study were to explore barriers to HIV services experienced by the study populations, and based on the findings, to identify entry points for improving HIV services among women in India more broadly.
Research on the effectiveness of youth peer education programs (YPE) programs is scarce, and the wide variation in programs makes it difficult to generalize research findings. Measuring quality and comparing program effectiveness require the use of standardized instruments. In this study, the authors used standardized evidence-based instruments to compare program inputs, quality, outputs and outcomes for five YPE programs in Zambia. …
Parental communication and support is associated with improved developmental, health and behavioral outcomes in adolescence. This study explores the quality of mother-daughter communication about sexual maturation, abstinence and unintended pregnancy in Korogocho, an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya. We use data from 14 focus group discussions (n = 124) and 25 interviews with girls aged 12-17, mothers of teenage girls, and key informant teachers. …
In Uganda, HIV prevalence remains high with young people at higher risk of infection than adults. Much is known about the sexual risk factors for HIV transmission among youths, including sexual encounters that are coerced. On the other hand, relatively little is known about the barriers to preventing sexual coercion and what strategies may overcome those barriers with adolescents. …
Fulaas is one of our community based distributors. He’s also a volunteer. This film follows him as he dispenses family planning advice and contraceptives to villagers in Oromo, Ethiopia. Without Fulaas, and others like him, there would be very little access to contraception in rural Ethiopia. Development depends on getting the right supplies - contraceptives, condoms, medicines, and equipment – to the people who need them most. And that depends on our volunteers. They are part of the largest voluntary organization in sexual and reproductive health and rights. …
Reproductive health (RH) is one of the cornerstones of an individual’s health and well-being, and an important component of a country’s human social development. Limited access to RH information among female adolescents can increase their vulnerability to health problems. Therefore, it is important to provide them with accurate and age-appropriate information. In the Middle East and North Africa, cultural norms dictate that girls should not be exposed to information about RH until they are married. …
Nyanza Province has been a focus of heightened attention in Kenya since the advent of the country’s HIV epidemic. …
A decline in HIV incidence has been reported in Zambia and a number of other sub-Saharan countries. The trend of HIV prevalence among young people is a good marker of HIV incidence. In this study, different data sources are used to examine geographical and sub-population group differentials in HIV prevalence trends among men and women aged 15–24 years in Zambia.
HIV infection is much higher among adolescent girls in sub-Saharan Africa than among boys. In settings such as Nyanza Province, Kenya, rates of HIV infection are extremely high, and evidence is increasing in some settings that girls who are married are much more likely to be infected with HIV, compared with their unmarried sexually active counterparts. This brief describes a program addressing the problem of sexual violence and the risk of HIV transmission within marriage in Kenya's Nyanza Province. …
The Southern African HIV/AIDS Information Dissemination Service (SAfAIDS), with support from the Knowledge for Health (K4Health) project, conducted a series of national HIV information needs assessments in southern Africa to support the planning and development of a knowledge management program. This program aims to increase the dissemination and use of accurate, evidence-based, and up-to-date information in order to improve HIV prevention across the region. …
The Southern African HIV/AIDS Information Dissemination Service (SAfAIDS), with support from the Knowledge for Health (K4Health) project, conducted a series of national HIV information needs assessments in southern Africa to support the planning and development of a knowledge management program. This program aims to increase the dissemination and use of accurate, evidence-based, and up-to-date information in order to improve HIV prevention in the region. …
This Framework proposes principles and provides guidelines for the introduction of appropriate curricula for comprehensive sexuality education. The aim of this document is to work towards improving access to information concerning sexual and reproductive health as part of the school programme in the Republic of Macedonia through a consultative process involving relevant institutions and civic sector representatives. This document presents justifications and principles, and provides guidelines for the design of appropriate curricula for comprehensive sexuality education. …
This charter was written by young people participating in a Sex Education Forum residential in August 2008. It uses material written by Somerset 2BU Youth Group (LGBT) and Somerset UKYP Advisory Group.
The authors conducted a cross-sectional study using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Participants included 38 unmarried rural men in four focus-group discussions and a representative sample of 316 similarly profiled men, ages 17-22 years. Information was collected via survey on the men's socioeconomic characteristics; awareness, knowledge, and perceptions of family planning; attitudes toward future contraceptive use; intra-family communication; knowledge about STIs/HIV/AIDS; and access and use of condoms. …
We use a randomized experiment to test whether and what information changes teenagers' sexual behavior in Kenya. Providing information on the relative risk of HIV infection by partner's age led to a 28 percent decrease in teen pregnancy, an objective proxy for the incidence of unprotected sex. Self-reported sexual behavior data suggests substitution away from older (riskier) partners and toward same-age partners. In contrast, the official abstinence-only HIV curriculum had no impact on teen pregnancy. …
