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This document offers basic operational guidance on HIV testing and counseling in settings attended by people who inject drugs (PWID). It is intended for a wide audience, including policy-makers, HIV/AIDS programme planners and coordinators,care providers, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) providing services for HIV-related conditions, and civil society groups. This document recommends a proactive approach to HIV testing and counseling by care providers in these settings. It includes simplified pre-test information consistent with WHO and UNAIDS policy.
This assessment has been conducted to provide an overview of the education sector's response to the current HIV epidemic in Indonesia, and to offer a set of recommendations meant to complement and strengthen the response. Since HIV is closely related to sexuality, reproductive health and drug use and abuse, this assessment evaluates these topics in the analysis. The current assessment is aimed to achieve the following objectives: 1. To review existing literature on policy documents and secondary data on HIV, reproductive health, and drug abuse prevention within the education sector. 2. …
This study is a part of the operational research which includes mapping and size estimation of female drug users, which forms the first key step in developing targeted interventions for this highly vulnerable key population. The results of this mapping study will assist in understanding the drug using scenario among female populations, which will ultimately form a baseline for service provision, based on which service providing organizations will develop targeted interventions within a specific geographical setting. …
Gender inequity is a fundamental driver in the HIV epidemic, and integrating strategies to address gender inequity and change harmful gender norms is an increasingly important component of HIV programs. Integrating gender strategies into programs targeting most-at-risk populations (MARPs) which include men who have sex with men, transgender people, injecting drug users, and male, female and transgender sex workers, whether in mixed or concentrated epidemic countries is much less prevalent. …
The purpose of this report is to define an agenda for action on HIV and the law in Commonwealth states. This agenda is intended to inform the work of legislators, officials and diplomats of Commonwealth states. It is also intended to assist civil society organisations to engage with governments of Commonwealth states on the legal dimensions of HIV responses. The report provides recommendations for governments, civil society organisations and Commonwealth institutions. …
Cambodia's Most at Risk Young People Survey (MARYPS) 2010 is a follow up survey of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey conducted in 2004. The survey provides the policymakers and planners with data on alcohol, drug and sex related behaviors and utilization of sexual and reproductive health services among MARYP. This survey is jointly supported by FHI, PSI, UNAIDS, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNICEF and WHO.
This publication presents the full-length review of the current situation of the epidemic in Armenia from a socio-cultural perspective.
This study in 2003 looked at knowledge, attitudes and behaviours concerning HIV among 3 high-risk groups (201 cross-border truck drivers, 50 female sex workers and 754 youths) in 4 cities in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The level of knowledge about HIV was low on average, especially among individuals with high-risk behaviours. Truck drivers and female sex workers had higher knowledge about sexually transmitted infections than youths but their knowledge came primarily from personal experience rather than public awareness programmes. …
This review was undertaken by the Ministry of Education Focal Points for school health and HIV/AIDS from countries in Sub-Saharan Africa participating in the Accelerate Initiative, together with representatives of stakeholders and partners, using data collated during the 2007 school health and HIV/AIDS Focal Point Survey. …
In order to increase access to drug use and HIV/AIDS prevention and care services in the prison settings any response needs to be informed by a sound and proper assessment of the situation. As a minimum, this assessment needs to cover the drug use and HIV/AIDS prevalence, knowledge, attitude and behavior and treatment/prevention infrastructure situation in prisons as well as training needs of staff. This would ensure that activities and responses are evidence informed, monitored and evaluated (based on a regular assessment of the nature and magnitude of the problem). …
This article presents a review on HIV/AIDS epidemic history, current situation and prevention policy in China. HIV/AIDS epidemic groups and trends for HIV transmission were also discussed. In January 2006, 650 000 people were estimated to be living with HIV in China. The overall HIV/AIDS epidemic is at a low level (0.05%) and concentrated in several at risk populations. However, the data show that new cases of HIV infection are growing every year and spreading from at risk populations to the general population. …
The United Nations Regional Task Force on Injecting Drug Use and HIV/AIDS for Asia and the Pacific (UN RTF) commissioned the Centre for Harm Reduction (CHR), Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Australia to undertake a baseline assessment of current policies, programs and services for drug users in South and South East Asia.
The challenge to determining the true impact of HIV within the general population in China has been the lack of a reliable, comprehensive surveillance and reporting system, coupled with the lack of an effective referral chain within the Chinese healthcare system. However, over the past few years, more information has become available about specific, at-risk populations. The nature of China's HIV epidemic complicates assessments about its future. …
HIV/AIDS has spread rapidly in Vietnam since the first case was registered in 1990, and today more than a quarter-million people in the country are living with HIV/AIDS. The national HIV prevalence rate among adults is 0.5 percent, but prevalence rates are significantly higher among high-risk groups, such as injecting drug users (33 to 65 percent) and sex workers (approximately 16 percent). However, the illegal nature of drug use and sex work has complicated efforts to prevent HIV among these high-risk groups. …
A series of six info sheets on legal and ethical issues related to drug use and HIV/AIDS in Thailand. It includes HIV and HCV in Thailand: implications for national drug policy, harm reduction: lessons from the region, sterile syringe programs, opioid substitution treatment, outreach and information programs, harm reduction in prison and detention facilities.
