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In Uganda, HIV prevalence remains high with young people at higher risk of infection than adults. Much is known about the sexual risk factors for HIV transmission among youths, including sexual encounters that are coerced. On the other hand, relatively little is known about the barriers to preventing sexual coercion and what strategies may overcome those barriers with adolescents. …
Great numbers of men report experiencing violence as children and these experiences have significant lifelong effects, according to the new analysis of the International Men and Gender Equality Survey (IMAGES) dataset included in this report. Adult men who were victims or witnesses of domestic violence as children, for instance, likely come to accept violence as a conflict resolving tactic not only in intimate partnerships but also in their wider lives. …
In this report, Gordon Brown, the former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, explains how child marriage can lead to a life of poverty, illiteracy and powerlessness for girls. Brown challenges the international community to take urgent action to end child marriage. His review says that the issue of child brides has been "conspicuous by its absence" in the efforts to cut global poverty, bring down child and maternal death rates, and get children into school.
In this report, the fifth in a series of regional thematic reports produced for a study on social protection and children in West and Central Africa, we focus on children’s vulnerabilities and risks related to an absence of protection from violence, abuse and neglect, and the ways in which measures to address such vulnerabilities and risks can be more effectively integrated into social protection policy frameworks. Many of the vulnerabilities identified stem from social factors such as family violence, break-up or illness and death (e.g. …
One in every three girls in the developing world is married by the age of 18. One in seven marries before they reach the age of 15. In countries like Niger, Chad, Mali, Bangladesh, Guinea and the Central African Republic (CAR), the rate of early and forced marriage is 60 per cent and over. It is particularly high in South Asia (46 per cent) and in sub-Saharan Africa (38 per cent). …
This paper reviews and discusses studies and interventions which have addressed the problems and concerns of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in India. Most of the research and commentary on OVC is based on investigations conducted in African countries. Accordingly, this review focuses on OVC in India in order to facilitate further critical discussion and the development of appropriate programmes and policies for the Indian context. …
The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed guidance for health care workers on how to support children up to 12 years of age and their caregivers with disclosure of HIV status. Health care workers (HCWs) know that disclosure decisions are complex because of stigma, social support concerns, family relations, parenting skills and concern about children’s emotional and maturational ability to understand and cope with the nature of the illness. …
This guide was adapted from the WHO document Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI): Planning, Implementing and Evaluating Pre-Service Training (working draft, 2001). The process for strengthening preservice education that this guide describes is aligned with that of WHO, but also presents a broader approach than WHO's focus on IMCI. …
The authors conducted an assessment to describe the prevalence of and risk factors associated with lifetime pregnancy involvement (LPI) among street youth from three Ukrainian cities. They used modified time-location sampling to conduct a cross-sectional assessment in Odesa, Kyiv, and Donetsk that included citywide mapping of 91 public locations frequented by street youth, random selection of 74 sites, and interviewing of all eligible and consenting street youth ages 15-24 years found at sampled sites (n = 929). …
Le Ministère de la Solidarité Nationale, du Rapatriement, de la Reconstruction Nationale, des Droits de la Personne Humaine et du Genre a alors comme mission principale de promouvoir le bien-être de la population basé sur une solidarité sociale ou communautaire. …
As Barbados responds to the changing face of the HIV and AIDS epidemic, the NHAC has designed fresh approaches for improved results in the National Strategic Plan for HIV Prevention and Control 2008-2013. The NSP will therefore build and improve on the achievements of the NAP to date. Guided by Goal three of The National Strategic Plan of Barbados 2005-2025, the current Strategic Plan is framed within the context of other national, regional and global priority development goals. …
This report presents the most comprehensive compilation to date of sex-disaggregated statistics on children and young people in the developing world. It examines a selection of indicators that are currently available to measure well-being and assess children's rights. During the past decade, an unprecedented amount of internationally comparable household survey data has become available for a broad range of indicators covering many countries. This wealth of new information has been analyzed to provide global, regional and country estimates on a wide variety of issues. …
While it does not cost a great deal to make a difference in the life of a child living in poverty, that does not mean that they are cheap to care for. To avoid confusion there is a need to distinguish between expenditures on care, marginal costs of care and total cost of care. Expenditures on children are the amounts of money spent on their care. The marginal cost of care is the cost of achieving a specific increase in the level of care. The total cost of care is the cost of providing a given level of care. …
This study is based on data collected from community development facilitators using open-ended questionnaires and group discussions. Four general types of cultural practices were identified by interviewees as posing risks to children and challenges to child protection work: marriage practices, rites of passage or rituals, family secrets and religious or spiritual practices. …
In response to the critical need of affected children and families, the compelling evidence for their benefits, and the receptive environment on the part of governments and donors, several local and international organizations are piloting cash transfers programmes as a mechanism to mitigate the impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) on affected communities in sub- Saharan Africa. Few programmes, however, are conceptualized or implemented within a broader framework of social protection, socioeconomic development or human rights. …
