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The situation of millions of children whose lives continue to be blighted by the impacts of HIV/AIDS seems still to be 'under the radar' of national and global policymakers (Foster, 2005). Sub-Saharan Africa has two-thirds of all people living with HIV worldwide, but is home to over three-quarters of children orphaned by AIDS and to a staggering 91% of all new pediatric infections. Infants and children are considerably less likely to receive lifesaving antiretroviral treatment (ART) than adults (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, 2009). …
Only one in every eight households containing orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in African countries received any support from an external source (UNICEF, 2008). This is a reflection of how governments, both rich and poor, have ignored obligations ratified in conventions to ensure the social protection of vulnerable children (United Nations, 1989). Consequently, a disproportionate proportion of the financial burden of care of vulnerable children is borne by affected families and communities. …
Community-based organizations (CBOs) are an important model for the care of orphans and other vulnerable children whose life and development are threatened by human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and poverty. However, data are lacking on the challenges and solutions enabling successful expansion of these programs to the national level. This article presents some of the experiences encountered by Malawi in the expansion of their network of CBOs. …
Every child in every school has the right to learn free from the fear of bullying, whatever form that bullying may take. Everyone involved in a child's education needs to work together to ensure this is the case. Sexist, sexual and transphobic bullying occurs when a pupil (or group), usually repeatedly, harms another pupil or intentionally makes them unhappy because of their sex or because they may not be perceived to conform to normal gender roles. The root cause of sexist and sexual bullying is gender inequality.
Using an ecological framework, the existing literature and research, and the authors' combined 60 years of clinical practice with children, youth, and families, this article examines gender variant childhood development from a holistic viewpoint where children, youth, and environments are understood as a unit in the context of their relationship to one another. …
The Equipping Parents and Health Providers to Address the Psychological and Social Challenges of Caring for Children Living with HIV activity sought to better understand the psychological and social challenges faced by perinatally-infected children aged 0 to 12 years in Africa, their parents/caregivers, and their health providers. It explored factors that contribute to the ability of children living with HIV to cope and thrive, and identified the tools and approaches being used to help parents/caregivers and health providers provide psychosocial support (PSS) to these children. …
This documentation explores child- and HIV-sensitive social protection implemented under the umbrella of CARI in five of nine selected countries within the Eastern and Southern Africa region (ESAR): Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland and Tanzania. During fieldwork for this study, assessments were undertaken by considering various programmes and policies and their performance individually, but also by looking at their linkages and complementarities to other programmes and service providers. …
This evaluation was commissioned jointly by the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad) and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) with the main purpose of evaluating results of the resources invested by Norway and Sweden in development co-operation in support of child rights. The report found considerable achievements albeit measured in terms of outputs rather than outcomes. However, it also finds that child participation in development efforts has been more tokenistic than substantial. …
Guatemala has a legal basis for the protection of children and young people and ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1990, which was domesticated in 2003 with the passage of the Law on the Integral Protection of Children and Adolescence. This study asks what factors and conditions have generated positive results of Norwegian and Swedish assistance to promote child rights in Guatemala. The evaluation is concerned with specifying strategies and interventions that function well, as well as with identifying gaps and failures in existing policy and practice.
The Kenya country case study forms part of broader evaluation of Norwegian and Swedish aid interventions in support of child rights. While Norway has opted for advancing child rights through targeted interventions, Sweden has chosen an approach that combines child-targeted interventions with the mainstreaming of child rights in all its interventions across the board. …
This document is intended to explore strategies to protect orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) who were made so by HIV from abuse, exploitation, violence, and neglect. It draws from lessons learned by OVC program managers, designers, and policy developers - particularly those associated with the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEFPAR). …
This technical brief describes promising practices in critical services related to the psychological and social well-being of perinatally-infected children (aged 0 to 12 years) in Africa. These include the identification, testing, and counseling of children so that they are linked to appropriate support as early as possible, as well as the provision of ongoing PSS to help children and their families manage disclosure, stigma, and grief and bereavement processes. …
Breaking Barriers (BB) Project in Kenya was implemented by four partners supported by Plan. The project focus is support, prevention, treatment and care; education, food and nutritional support, school materials and encouragement for orphans and vulnerable children to complete basic education and facilitate access to income generating opportunities. …
The overall goal of the training program is to increase teachers' knowledge and shift attitudes and behaviors so that they may prevent school-related gender-based violence (SR GBV) and respond to students who have experienced SR GBV. …
Marking the 20th anniversary of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad) and Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) commissioned a joint evaluation of support to the rights of the child. The purpose of the evaluation is twofold. On the one hand, it will summarise results in order to account for the resources invested by Norway and Sweden in development cooperation and humanitarian support of child rights. …
