State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Argentina Australia Austria Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Eritrea Ethiopia France Georgia Germany Ghana Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Italy Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Oman Pakistan Palestine Panama Peru Philippines Poland Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Turkey Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan(240) Housing(115) Illegal activities(82) Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation(78) Ground transport infrastructure(68) Legal framework(66) Land conversion(59) Management activities(52) War(45) Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure(42) Mining(42) Human resources(38) Water infrastructure(37) Financial resources(34) Governance(32) Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community(31) Interpretative and visitation facilities(29) Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals(29) Civil unrest(29) Deliberate destruction of heritage(22) Water (rain/water table)(21) Invasive/alien terrestrial species(21) Erosion and siltation/ deposition(19) Commercial development(18) Oil and gas(18) Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure(17) Marine transport infrastructure(16) Surface water pollution(15) Fishing/collecting aquatic resources(14) Forestry /wood production(14) Underground transport infrastructure(13) Solid waste(13) Flooding(12) Society's valuing of heritage(11) Major linear utilities(10) Commercial hunting(10) Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system(10) Other climate change impacts(10) Fire (widlfires)(10) Air transport infrastructure(9) Renewable energy facilities(8) Crop production(7) Water (extraction) (7) Storms(7) Earthquake(7) Localised utilities(6) Air pollution(6) Quarrying(6) High impact research / monitoring activities(6) Wind(5) Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses(5) Invasive / alien freshwater species(5) Relative humidity(4) Desertification(4) Drought(4) Invasive / alien marine species(4) Industrial areas(3) Non-renewable energy facilities(3) Subsistence hunting(3) Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting(3) Changes to oceanic waters(3) Input of excess energy(2) Pests(2) Translocated species(2) Ground water pollution(1) Pollution of marine waters(1) Aquaculture(1) Subsistence wild plant collection(1) Military training(1) Avalanche/ landslide(1) Hyper-abundant species(1)