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Much research attention has been devoted to understanding the relationship between education and riskier sex-related behaviors and HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. While in the early 1990s researchers found that increases in education were associated with a higher incidence of HIV/AIDS, this relationship appears to have reversed and better educated people, especially women, appear less likely to engage in riskier sex-related behaviors and have a lower incidence rate of HIV/AIDS. …
This study investigated the relationship between economic status, education and risky sexual behavior for urban Botswana women. The data used are a nationally representative sample from the Botswana AIDS Impact Survey conducted in 2004. An un-weighted sample of 2215 women aged 15-49, who have had sexual intercourse was considered for analysis. Both bivariate and multivariate analyses are used to gain insights into the potential linkages between economic status, education and risky sexual behavior. …
Behaviour Change Communication is an effective tool for ensuring improved sexual and reproductive health among women. Sexual health of women includes their state of physical, emotional, and social well-being. Women's sexual experiences either lead to good sexual and reproductive health or put them at risk for ill-health. Unfortunately, rather than women having satisfying and safe sexual experiences, their sexual vulnerabilities are often characterised by unsafe or harmful sexual practices that lead to adverse health outcomes. …
The overall goal of Stay Healthy: A Gender-Transformative HIV Prevention Curriculum for Youth in Namibia is to prevent HIV infection among Namibian youth aged 13-18. Stay Healthy focuses on changing three key behaviors directly related to HIV infection by accomplishing the following: (1) delaying the onset of sexual intercourse, (2) increasing the correct and consistent use of the male condom among sexually active youth, and (3) decreasing multiple concurrent partners among sexually active youth. …
South Africa's HIV prevalence among 15-24 year olds is one of the highest in the world. This systematic review looks at the evidence for youth HIV prevention in the country since 2000 and critically assesses interventions across four domains: study design and outcomes; intervention design; thematic focus and HIV causal pathways; and intervention delivery. Eight interventions were included in the review, all similar regarding content and objectives, but with variouis thematic foci, causal pathways, theoretical bases, delivery methods, intensity and duration. …
Peer education has long been used to promote HIV awareness and reduce risk. However, little has been written about its use in refugee settings. This study aimed to assess whether refugee peer education could improve HIV knowledge, attitudes and practices among Guinean refugees. The study also assessed whether gender, age or formal education were more strongly associated to improved HIV outcomes than peer education. Data was collected through a cross-sectional survey of 889 men and women in 23 camps throughout the Forest Region, Guinea. …
This cross-sectional study aimed to describe the level of knowledge, perception/attitude, and practices related to HIV among 1,054 freshmen students in four Afghan universities differences between genders. A probability, two stage sampling method was used. Data were collected by a self administered structured questionnaire. SPSS software was used for data analysis. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. Most of respondents were male (72.1%), their average age was 20.1 ± 2 years, and most were unmarried (93.4%). …
Gender and sexuality have long been recognised as key factors affecting the dynamics of the HIV epidemic. Issues vary across communities and countries, but power imbalances, harmful social norms, violence and marginalisation affect women, men, girls, boys and transgender people across the world, limiting their ability to prevent HIV infection. There are a growing number of HIV and broader health initiatives that not only highlight gender issues, but also aim to change harmful norms and practices. These are called "gender-transformative" approaches. …
Attitudes and roles regarding gender are an important determinant of sexual health outcomes (including age at first sex, number of sexual partners, frequency of adolescent intercourse, use of condoms and contraceptives, and HIV infection). Fostering young people's critical reflection about gender role socialization has been proven to change attitudes and to lead to healthier sexual behavior. This checklist can help you assess how effectively your curriculum is addressing these issues and help you identify changes that can strengthen your curriculum. …
Recent evidence suggests that conditional cash transfer programs for schooling are effective in raising school enrollment and attendance. However, there is also reason to believe that such programs can affect other outcomes, such as the sexual behavior of their young beneficiaries. Zomba Cash Transfer Program is a randomized, ongoing conditional cash transfer intervention targeting young women in Malawi that provides incentives (in the form of school fees and cash transfers) to current schoolgirls and recent dropouts to stay in or return to school. …
Este estudio se realizó en Universidades de las Regiones de Tarapacá, Antofagasta, Valparaíso, del Bío Bío, de Los Lagos y de la Región Metropolitana.Se encuestó a 1.302 estudiantes de Pedagogía y 174 profesores. Los temas que se abordaron fueron: Género, Diversidad sexual, Sexualidad y VIH/SIDA. Además, se consideraron variables como sexo, edad, macrozona (norte, centro y sur), religión, observancia religiosa y tendencia política. Se aplicaron pruebas de significación estadística para cada una de las variables consideradas (Chi cuadrado). …
Of the 8,600,000 young people living with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa, 67 percent are young women and 33 percent are young men (Young People and HIV/AIDS: Opportunity in Crisis, UNICEF, UNAIDS, WHO, 2001). The Girls' Education Programme recognises 'gender' as the features associated in specific cultures with masculinity and femininity, and acknowledges that not all societies and cultures share the same ideas of what it means to be male or female. …
The Government of Zimbabwe has prioritised the need for better adolescent reproductive health (ARH) to combat HIV/AIDS transmission, reduce teenage pregnancies and the proportion of school dropouts, and ensure equality of health provision to the country's youth. In view of the paucity of information on the identities of adolescents as they construct and experience them themselves, UNICEF ESARO in 2001 commissioned this study on young people in Zimbabwe. …
This manual is based on an action research project that explored gender relations in HIV and AIDS education in Estonia. It contains practical resources for educators or trainers seeking to take a gendered approach to HIV and AIDS awareness raising activities with young people. The manual aims at providing some concrete suggestions for activities that can allow and encourage people to enter the debates about gender issues, examine gender systems in their own society and connect the gender issues they identify to key challenges of sexual transmission of HIV and AIDS. …
The author demonstrates that collaborating with children using a gender-sensitive life-cycle approach yields social and health dividends. The paper focuses upon young people and children engaged in HIV/AIDS education, not only as consumers of information but also as generators of knowledge pertinent to their needs, aspirations, anxieties, fears, hopes and dreams. …
