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HIV elimination by 2030 cannot occur without attention to substance use. It cuts across risk groups and affects sexual risk behavior, treatment adherence, and systemic processes such as immunity and inflammation. There continues to be often limited attention to non-injection drug use and the syndemic character of HIV and substance use. …
El presente informe está organizado de la siguiente manera: el primer capítulo explica de manera detallada la metodología utilizada durante el muestreo de casos, los instrumentos de recolección de datos utilizados, consideraciones éticas de la aplicación de la EMSE, entre otros. El segundo capítulo presenta los resultados principales mediante los subcapítulos de descripción de la muestra y datos demográficos de la población, y luego de cada módulo encuestado. …
El objetivo de la segunda Encuesta Mundial de Salud Escolar es: Proporcionar datos precisos sobre comportamientos relativos a la salud, factores de riesgo y de protección entre los alumnos, para: - Establecer prioridades, elaborar programas, diseñar los recursos en los mismos y formular políticas de salud escolar y de los jóvenes. - Brindar la posibilidad a los gobiernos, las agencias internacionales y otros organismos de hacer comparaciones entre los países y dentro de los mismos sobre la prevalencia de los comportamientos relativos a la salud y los factores de protección. …
This report provides an overview of Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) survey questions related to alcohol consumption and an analysis of outcomes from these questions in DHS surveys. It first examines the questions on alcohol use and the response categories in all surveys that included questions about ever, typical, or current alcohol consumption. The inventory found that alcohol questions were included in 65 surveys in 42 developing countries between 1987 and 2014, and 19 different questions related to alcohol consumption were identified. …
The high prevalence of HIV among young people in African countries underscores a pressing need for effective prevention interventions. Adapting school–based prevention programs developed in the United States for use in African schools may present an alternative to the time–consuming process of developing home–grown programs. The researchers report the results of a pretest–posttest field trial of an alcohol/ HIV prevention curriculum adapted from an American model and delivered to ninth-grade students in five South African township schools. …
In 2010/2011 the Provincial Government of the Western Cape (PGWC) in partnership with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Southern Africa tasked the Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Unit at the South African Medical Research Council with conducting a survey in order to determine the regional prevalence of drug and alcohol use, risk behaviours and mental health problems among school learners in grades 8-10. More specifically, the objectives of the study were: 1. …
Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to sexual coercion, as victim as well as perpetrator. This paper aims to adapt sexual and reproductive health interventions to the reality of young people’s sexuality and relationships. This study assesses the prevalence of forced sex, characteristics of victims and norms regarding sexual coercion among Rwandan adolescents. A survey was completed by 285 senior secondary school students and four focus groups were conducted. Of sexually active respondents, 15.5% reported forced sexual intercourse. …
Young people are exposed to alcohol at many levels in society, particularly through advertising and peer pressure. As a result, harmful drinking habits are on the rise among adolescents and other youth. This brief describes the consequences of alcohol use on young people’s sexual and reproductive health. It also addresses policies and programs aimed at reducing alcohol use and its negative consequences among young people as well as programmatic responses to alcohol use and abuse.
South Africa's HIV prevalence among 15-24 year olds is one of the highest in the world. This systematic review looks at the evidence for youth HIV prevention in the country since 2000 and critically assesses interventions across four domains: study design and outcomes; intervention design; thematic focus and HIV causal pathways; and intervention delivery. Eight interventions were included in the review, all similar regarding content and objectives, but with variouis thematic foci, causal pathways, theoretical bases, delivery methods, intensity and duration. …
This paper addresses the issue of how to target interventions to girls 15+19 and young women 20-24 in a resource poor setting of Hwange District, Zimbabwe. The Priorities for Local AIDS Control efforts methodology was used to understand where these young people socialize and also to understand whether age disparate relationships were a common occurrence. Findings indicated prevention efforts for those 15-19 would need to focus on 'everyday' sites as these are the places where the majority of girls socialized. …
This milestone report - Strategies and Framework for Targeting Youth - provides a framework and identifies strategies to address the needs of young people in the prevention and care of HIV/AIDS and STIs in Papua New Guinea (PNG). It provides technical advice towards creating a strategic plan for young people, and suggests pilot strategies based on best practice in youth sexual health programs in resource-poor settings. Conceptually, this report provides a foundation in the development of a strategic plan for young people. …
This report presents the results of a qualitative research study undertaken to examine the impact of alcohol consumption on sexual partnerships and its implications for the transmission of HIV. The study examines individual experiences related to the risk of HIV infection. The overall objective of this study was to provide information to plan effective interventions to reduce HIV transmission in Namibia. The two likely drivers of the HIV/AIDS pandemic that were examined were alcohol consumption and concurrent sexual partnering. …
In line with the National Strategic Plan for HIV and AIDS, the country has adopted a multi sectoral approach to HIV and AIDS which puts emphasis on behaviour change communication, anti-retroviral therapy (ART) and support for orphans and vulnerable children (OVC). …
This document is the seventh volume in a series of eight "question and answer" booklets developed in Kyrgyzstan by UNICEF and the GTZ. Similar booklets have been initially developed by GTZ in Tanzania and then adapted to different countries. The present series consists of an adaptation to the needs and cultural context of Kyrgyzstan, based on a survey realized among Kyrgyz adolescents. It is designed to provide young people with the necessary knowledge to make healthy choices for themselves and their peers. …
