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UNESCO HIV and Health Education Clearinghouse

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  1. Proposing a conceptual framework to address social norms that influence adolescent sexual and reproductive health

    With 1.8 billion young people aged 10-24 years in the world today, the cohort of adolescents and youth is the largest in history. Concurrently, millions of adolescents are confronting sexual and reproductive health (SRH) challenges, including high rates of unmet need for contraception, unintended pregnancy, and clandestine and unsafe abortion. Social norms or shared understandings of how oneself and others should behave can alleviate or exacerbate these challenges. …

  2. Sexual and reproductive health outcomes are positively associated with comprehensive sexual education exposure in Mexican high-school students

    This paper provides evidence of the potential beneficial effects of CSE on attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors regarding sexual and reproductive health among adolescents. In addition, it identifies areas that should be strengthened to increase the positive impact of CSE.

  3. The fifth South African national HIV prevalence, incidence, behaviour and communication survey, 2017 (SABSSM V)

    The Fifth South African National HIV Prevalence, Incidence, Behaviour and Communication Survey, (SABSSM V), a population-based cross-sectional survey of households in South Africa, was designed to assess the prevalence and trends of key HIV–related indicators. The survey was conducted between January and December 2017 by the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) and provides information on national and sub-national progress toward HIV epidemic control in the country. This report summarizes the HIV epidemic and impact of South Africa’s national HIV response.

  4. Trends in health behaviours, health outcomes and contextual factors between 1998-2014: findings from the Irish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Study

    The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) trends report presents findings on indicators of children’s health and wellbeing between 1998 and 2014. The report is divided into three sections: health behaviours, health outcomes and contexts of children’s lives.

  5. HIV knowledge, attitudes and behaviours: The situation at technical, vocational education and training (TVET) colleges in South Africa

    The HSRC 2012 population-based survey of national HIV prevalence, incidence and behaviour reported that there were approximately 469 000 new HIV infections in 2012 (Shisana et al. 2014). More than one-third of these infections (192 000) were among young people in the 15–24 years age group, with females accounting for 90% of new infections. Among those 25 years and older, 300 000 new infections were estimated, with the highest number of infections among females (175 000) compared to males (125 000). …

  6. Interventions for preventing unintended pregnancies among adolescents (Review)

    Background: Unintended pregnancy among adolescents represents an important public health challenge in high-income countries, as well as middle and low-income countries. Numerous prevention strategies such as health education, skills-building and improving accessibility to contraceptives have been employed by countries across the world, in an effort to address this problem. However, there is uncertainty regarding the effects of these interventions, hence the need to review the evidence-base. …

  7. Impact of teachers training on HIV/AIDS education program among secondary school students in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional survey

    In 2007, the Government of Bangladesh incorporated a chapter on HIV/AIDS into the national curriculum for an HIV-prevention program for school students. For the efficient dissemination of knowledge, an intervention was designed to train the teachers and equip them to educate on the topic of HIV/AIDS. The present study intended to understand the impact of this intervention by assessing the knowledge, attitudes and behaviours related to HIV/AIDS, among the targeted students.

  8. HIV and AIDS related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of students and staff at South African technical and vocational education and training colleges in South Africa, 2014

    The present national survey of knowledge, attitudes and behaviours (KAB) of students and staff at technical and vocational education and training (TVET) colleges was the first to be conducted in this sector and served to obtain baseline measures on knowledge, attitudes and behaviour pertaining to HIV and related risk factors. This survey explored HIV/AIDS and related factors that affect the sector and which need to be addressed in order to mitigate the impact of the HIV and TB co-epidemic within it: 1. The overall knowledge, attitudes and behaviours towards HIV/AIDS in the TVET sector; 2. …

  9. Essential conditions for the implementation of comprehensive school health to achieve changes in school culture and improvements in health behaviours of students

    Background: Comprehensive School Health (CSH) is an internationally recognized framework that holistically addresses school health by transforming the school culture. It has been shown to be effective in enhancing health behaviours among students while also improving educational outcomes. Despite this effectiveness, there is a need to focus on how CSH is implemented. …

  10. Accessing the ‘right’ kinds of material and symbolic capital: the role of cash transfers in reducing adolescent school absence and risky behaviour in South Africa

    This article investigates how well South Africa’s Child Support Grant (CSG) responds to the material and psychosocial needs of adolescents, and the resultant effects on schooling and risky behaviour. One driver of schooling decisions is shame related to poverty and the ‘social cost’ of school, where a premium must often be paid for fashionable clothes or accessories. The other driver relates to symbolic and consumptive capital gained through engaging in sexual exchange relationships. The anticipated impacts from the CSG are partial because of these non-material drivers of adolescent choices. …

  11. Efficient needs assessment in schools

    An effective programme of alcohol and drug education needs to be tailored to meet pupils’ requirements and priorities, meaning that both pupils’ needs and learning processes must be regularly assessed. This paper outlines the different and complementary ways to make an assessment, exploring the following questions: Where should teachers begin? What is needs assessment within alcohol and drug education? How can needs assessment inform alcohol and drug education programme planning? …

  12. Report of the commission on ending childhood obesity

    Childhood obesity undermines the physical, social and psychological well-being of children and is a known risk factor for adult obesity and noncommunicable diseases. There is an urgent need to act now to improve the health of this generation and the next. The Commission recognizes that the scope of potential policy recommendations to address childhood obesity is broad and contains a number of novel elements. …

  13. A case study of school support and the psychological, emotional and behavioural consequences of HIV and AIDS on adolescents

    Various studies have reported a huge increase in the numbers of orphaned adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa and its effects on their psychological, emotional and behavioural development. Yet, their needs are seldom recognised or adequately addressed in policy and programmes.This article uses a qualitative study to report the experiences of 11 orphaned adolescents (5 boys and 6 girls aged between 15 and 18 years) affected by HIV and AIDS in a secondary school (in Atteridgeville, Pretoria, South Africa) and the school support provided by them. …

  14. The efficacy of HIV and sex education interventions among youths in developing countries: a review

    Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) among youths represent an important public health challenge in developing countries. The incidence of HIV peaked in the 1990’s and saw a decline from 2005. What was done to prompt the decline? To answer this question selecting studies between 1990 and 2005 was appropriate to assess whether the drop in HIV incidence in developing countries was as a result of education interventions. …

  15. Comprehensive sexuality education

    What evidence is there for comprehensive sexuality education in lower and middle income countries? What measurable outcomes have been associated with delivering CSE? What are the most effective strategies for implementation at scale? (e.g. in relation to gender, age, content, involvement of parents, political buy-in etc.) What challenges are there to applying such approaches in policy and practice?

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