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Data from two primary schools in Durban, South Africa finds that discussions on gender and sexuality during life skills lessons are not sufficiently in-depth and comprehensive. Teachers find it difficult to provide comprehensive information on sex, sexuality and gender at the primary school level due to discourses on childhood innocence. The paper discusses implications for teacher training in the conclusion.
A 1998 national U.S. survey of 15-19 year olds found that 73% had received education about AIDS, 79% about birth control and 58% about resisting sexual activity. Multivariate analysis shows that AIDS and sex education moderately but significantly decreased number of sexual partners and frequency of intercourse in the year prior to the survey. This type of education was also associated with more consistent condom use. Education on some topics was associated with increased knowledge and improved attitudes about AIDS, but these did not always correlate with safer sexual behavior.
In the majority of states, sex education is mandatory or strongly recommended in public schools. Forty-eight states and most of the large school districts across the country support sex education, including about STIs and abstinence. Fewer districts and states make education on pregnancy prevention mandatory. Larger school districts cover a broader range of sex-related topics, especially related to preventing pregnancy, than state curricula. Such districts also provide greater support to instructors through curricula provision, training and other activities, than do states. …
AIDS education is increasingly being done at the university level, as recognition that university students are at high risk for contracting HIV has increased. This article looks at how risk communication should be done at this level. …
A study in four districts of Rhode Island (USA) of 1,379 junior high school students (average age 13.2 years) found that sexually active boys were less knowledgeable about HIV, less tolerant of people living with AIDS, less fearful of contraction of HIV and more likely to undertake risky behavior, than those who were not sexually active. The same pattern, although less extreme, is found among girls in the sample. …
Education is critical in curbing the spread of HIV/AIDS. An AIDS education study in Uganda found that the curriculum was characterized by denial of knowledge, marginalization of youth (especially girls), and lack of ability to change or improve content. Democratic education is needed. Three approaches are proposed to improve AIDS education: student participation in curriculum formulation, students setting the agenda for delivery of AIDS education, and individual student choice of what to learn and how.
This article provides a discussion of pitfalls to avoid in designing sexuality and AIDS education courses and critical aspects that should be included. Such programs should have five goals: eliminate misinformation and panic about AIDS; delay onset of first sexual intercourse; disseminate information to sexually active teenagers on services and safer sex options; warn teens of the dangers of drug use; and encourage compassion for people living with HIV and AIDS. …
This paper discusses an approach to teaching the sociology of AIDS which combines coursework and weekly volunteering at an AIDS service organization. This approach deepends students' understanding of HIV/AIDS by allowing them to test theories and ideas discussed in the classroom, in practice. the paper evaluates the benefits and drawbacks of this approach and provides guidelines for effective implementation.
A 1989 Secondary School Student Health Risk Survey finds that 54% of high school students in the U.S. had HIV education in school. A questionnaire revealed that the majority of students knew the two main modes of HIV transmission (intravenous drug use and unsafe sexual activity). Students who had taken HIV education classes gave correct answers more often than those who had not. Students who had more knowledge on HIV were less likely to report having had two or more sexual partners and more likely to report consistent use of condoms.
This paper discusses how a sociology professor at the University of Arizona coped with increasing interest among university students on AIDS. She discusses dealing with larger class sizes and the need to make sure students understood the basic biology of HIV. She designed a series of riddles that students in groups of 5 would complete in 20 minutes testing their knowledge. She would then mark the riddle answers and discuss these answers with students afterwards.
This booklet contains flipcharts on a variety of topics to help communities identify ways to make environment safer for girls.
This is a manual for human development and fertility teachers of very young adolescents (VYA). It provides participatory activities on fertility awareness (understanding of maturing bodies and emotional changes that accompany puberty, empowering them to make informed decisions in their sexual behavior) and body literacy (understanding how bodies function, gender roles, power relations, social norms). VYA often lack information and skills to deal with the social, emotional, physical changes of puberty. …
This research study investigated the correlation between HIV knowledge and testing. The researchers' hypothesis was that there would be significant relationships between knowledge of HIV transmission and getting tested for HIV, educational level, and gender, as well as testing and gender and knowing someone who has HIV or has died of AIDS. The study design used a convenience sample and was conducted in South Africa. 429 volunteers filled out the Carey and Shroeder Brief HIV Knowledge Questionnaire. Results indicate that as education level increased, knowledge of HIV did also. …
Aims: This article reports on the development and psychometric properties of an instrument to evaluate school-based HIV/ AIDS interventions aimed at adolescents in three African sites. Methods: The instrument was developed in a series of steps that involved a review of existing instruments; use of empirical data and secondary literature supporting an association between the variables of interest and sexual intercourse or condom use; operationalizing the constructs of the theoretical model employed; and using the objectives of the intervention. …
Effective sexuality and HIV/AIDS education programmes are needed to protect young people against HIV/AIDS and teenage pregnancy in Tanzania and other Sub-Saharan African countries. Using a theory- and evidence-based approach and adapting the programmes to local contexts, increases the effectiveness of these programmes. This paper describes and discusses the challenges and opportunities concerning the application of Intervention Mapping (IM) in the development and implementation of a sexuality and HIV/AIDS education programme targeting young people aged 12-14 in Tanzania. …
