The objective of this literature review was to provide a background to the current context relating to the provision of comprehensive and integrated youth-friendly SRHR and HIV prevention services to students at post-schooling institutions in South Africa and in the Eastern Cape. This review is the initial phase of a situation analysis of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) and HIV prevention services at post-schooling institutions within three priority districts in the Eastern Cape, leading to the development and design of a Behaviour Change Communications Strategy for selected institutions in the Province. The review was intended to provide an historical background as well as conceptual framing for the situation analysis.