The existing HIV prevention programme, based on the abstinence, being faithful to one sexual partner, and consistent and correct use of condoms (ABC) model, has resulted in a number of positive developments. However, some challenges remain. The intent of the HIV prevention strategy is four fold: Identify the key drivers of the epidemic; Outline current prevention efforts, scope, effectiveness and coverage; Describe existing gaps and challenges; and, Offer recommendations on the key priority areas for HIV prevention. This strategy document provides a roadmap for the Zambian government, in collaboration with donors and implementing partners, to consider a paradigm shift on HIV prevention.