This handbook has been written for local government authorities (LGA) mayors, councilors, advisors and officials that are interested in developing or strengthening local responses to HIV/AIDS. It provides information, examples, and illustrative tools (surveys, checklists, modules, etc.) that guide users through the steps of recognizing and publicly acknowledging the importance of addressing HIV/AIDS, assessing the impact of HIV/AIDS on the locality, and identifying key stakeholders to initiate and coordinate a Local Government (LG) HIV/AIDS Response Strategy. The Handbook also focuses on the implementation process, and suggests ways to mobilize new and existing resources, develop productive relationships with civil society organizations3 (CSOs), and establish systems of monitoring, learning and evaluation.