This report documents findings of a rapid assessment on existing implementation linkages between HIV responses on one hand, and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) on the other, in four southern African countries: Lesotho, Mozambique, Swaziland and Zambia. The review was conducted in July 2014 by consultants commissioned by SAfAIDS and WaterAid. This rapid assessment is a forerunner of a number of pilot activities to be conducted in Lesotho, Mozambique, Swaziland and Zambia to explore how HIV and WASH can be better integrated.