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This study presents the trend with regard to age at first intercourse of men and women in rural Senegal. The start of the sexual life of men proved to be early for the young generations. The start of sexual life of women, on the contrary, appeared to be somewhat later, in one of the sites. These results confirm that of another study carried out in another rural zone in Senegal. The underlying factors seem to be the early puberty of boys, the contact with the urban culture through education, migration and the changes of norms with regard to sexuality. The rise of the age of marriage of men, combined with an earlier start of sexual life, leads to a longer period wherein the risk of non desired pregnancies exists. It is thus important to implicate boys in the prevention actions with regard to sexual and reproductive health.
This booklet deals with various aspects of gender-based violence (domestic violence, sexual abuse, legislation and policies etc.) as seen by female journalists.
This bibliography contains 667 references and has been organised according to recent findings in the review of the application of current communication frameworks on HIV/AIDS communications. …
Sexual specificity is defined in terms of what it means to be a man or a woman in society. Sexual specificity has a bearing on opportunities and the distribution of social roles. Social norms play a part in the spreading of HIV. Whether female, male or young, the contamination risks are determined by social projections on the sexes. Therefore, the social dimension of sex cannot be ignored in prevention.
A four-module package for educators on family life education. It is designed as a practical resource guide for teachers, teacher educators, guidance counsellors, youth workers, etc. who are engaged in teaching, training and communicating family life education to adolescents.
This paper suggests a simple model for the relationships between poverty, schooling and gender inequality. It argues that poverty at both national and household levels is associated with an under-enrolment of school age children, but that the gendered outcomes of such under enrolment are the product of cultural practice, rather than poverty per se. Using detailed case study material from two African countries, evidence is presented to show the variety and extent of adverse cultural practice which impede the attendance and performance of girls at school, relative to boys. …
This worksheet discusses the scale of the problem of gender bias towards women in the African sub-saharan region. This is in relation to vulnerability to HIV/AIDS infection and how this can be mitigated most effectively.
This article promotes the need to urgently look at the scope of sexual abuse occurring in schools and its significant repercussions. Emphasizes need for standard procedures governing how schools address allegations and treat survivors of this violence. Summarizes research in SSA that looks at role of school culture and society in defining gender identities, the centrality of violence in adolescent sexual relationships and in schools and the contradicting messages of empowerment in schools health curricula against the behaviours with the school itself.
This paper examines data for 30 Xhosa youth aged 16 to 24 from township schools in South Africa. Major findings focus on the pervasive nature of violence for young people today: beating is the normative response in their homes, at schools and in their relationships. Masculinity is defined by th number of sex partners, choice of main partner and ability to control girlfriends. Feminity is based on girls desirability to the opposite sex. Concludes with suggestions for policy changes, emphasizing the need for government to promote accountability for its behaviour.
Introduces a manual developed for South Africa on how to hold 8 interactive workshops with school management to increase awareness and mobilise action towards gender violence in schools. This paper discusses current challenges for government to prioritise the problem including making it part of the national curriculum
This paper provides results from qualitative research in Uganda which highlights the inherent contradiction of trying to promote adolescent sexual health with its messages of equality in partnerships when the school culture clearly promotes male domination and leadership. Offers practical suggestions for MoE to address inequality in schools and to advance democratic learning.
This paper summarises research findings that male sexual aggression against girls is endemic and institutionalized in Zimbabwe. Specifically, findings suggest that adolescent peer group culture in schools encourage students to conform to stereotypical behaviours that make girls vulnerable to sexual abuse. It concludes with a list of strategies for implementation and at schools within communities.
This is a summary from a power point presentation. The author stresses the need for real change within the education systems of developing countries and focuses on management responses to the following issues: labour, employment and gender, orphans, transition rates and geographic variation. The conclusion acknowledges the difficulty in such drastic changes but believes that effective management can have far reaching implications in mitigating effects of the HIV pandemic.
This is a report of a workshop for Grassroots Women's Organisation in Africa and was organised in Abidjan from 7-11 September 1998 by UNESCO in co-operation with UNAIDS Regional HIV Development Project. The overall objectives were to reduce the rate of HIV transmission among African women by rendering them capable of protecting themselves through a reinforced awareness, and by giving them appropriate knowledge and skills. This report is written in English and French.
This paper examines the concept of strengthening community action within the context of HIV prevention. There is evidence of the potential role of community participation in HIV/AIDS prevention and care efforts. This paper examines problems and prospects for participation in HIV prevention strategies among commercial sex workers in Madras. It is based on the experiences of a pilot project established by the Tamil Nadu State Government AIDS Cell and WHO.
