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Ruins of León Viejo

Ruins of León Viejo

León Viejo is one of the oldest Spanish colonial settlements in the Americas. It did not develop and so its ruins are outstanding testimony to the social and economic structures of the Spanish Empire in the 16th century. Moreover, the site has immense archaeological potential.

Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Ruines de León Viejo

Léon Viejo est l'un des plus anciens peuplements coloniaux espagnols des Amériques. La ville ne s'étant pas développée, ses ruines offrent un remarquable témoignage des structures économiques et sociales de l'empire espagnol au XVIe siècle. Le site possède, en outre, un immense potentiel archéologique.

Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

آثار ليون فيخو

تُعتبر ليون فيخو إحدى أقدم المستعمرات السكانية الاسبانية في اميركا. فتقدّم أنقاض هذه المدينة التي لم تتطوَّر، شهادةً مميّزةً على البنية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية للامبراطورية الاسبانية في القرن السادس عشر. فضلاً عن ذلك، يتميّز الموقع بطاقةٍ أثريّةٍ هائلة.

source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

莱昂•别霍遗址

莱昂·别霍地区是西班牙在美洲最早的殖民地之一。由于它在各个方面都没有什么发展和改变,所以它的遗址成为16世纪西班牙帝国社会、经济结构的重要见证。另外,遗址还具有巨大的考古潜力。

source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Руины города Леон-Вьехо (Старый Леон)

Леон-Вьехо – одно из старейших испанских колониальных поселений в Америке. Оно хорошо сохранилось, поэтому его руины являются ярким свидетельством социального и экономического устройства испанской колониальной державы в XVI в. и имеют огромное археологическое значение.

source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Ruinas de León Viejo

León Viejo es uno de los más antiguos asentamientos coloniales españoles de América. Las ruinas de esta ciudad, que nunca logró desarrollarse, ofrecen un testimonio excepcional de las estructuras económicas y sociales del imperio español en el siglo XVI. El sitio ofrece inmensas posibilidades a las excavaciones arqueológicas.

source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

レオン・ビエホ遺跡群
レオン・ビエホは、アメリカ大陸で最も古いスペイン植民地の一つの遺構。1524年に建設され、1609年に地震と火山噴火で廃墟と化した。この植民地はあまり発展をしなかったため、かえってその廃墟には16世紀当時のスペイン帝国の社会的、経済的構造を知る手がかりを今に残している。この遺跡には、膨大な考古学的価値のある遺構が秘められている可能性が高い。

source: NFUAJ

Ruïnes van León Viejo

León Viejo is een van de oudste Spaanse koloniale nederzettingen in de Amerika's. De nederzetting heeft zich niet ontwikkeld, waardoor zijn ruïnes een bijzonder getuigenis vormen van de sociale en economische structuren van het Spaanse Rijk in de 16e eeuw. León Viejo laat zien hoe Europese architectuur- en planningsconcepten zich aanpasten aan de materiële mogelijkheden van een ander gebied. De ruïnes zijn een rijke bron voor archeologisch onderzoek. Ze vormen een historisch monument van uitzonderlijk belang en zijn vrijwel uniek in Midden-Amerika. Er zijn maar weinig 16e-eeuwse steden intact en ongewijzigd gebleven door latere verbouwingen.

Source: unesco.nl

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Ruins of León Viejo © OUR PLACE The World Heritage Collection
Outstanding Universal Value

Brief Synthesis

The Ruins of León Viejo are located near the town of Puerto Momotombo opposite the volcano of the same name, at the western end of Lake Managua, itself located 68 km from the capital of Managua. The archaeological site includes all vestiges unearthed to date and the surrounding area.

The Ruins of León Viejo are an exceptional testimony of the first European settlements in the New World. Founded in 1524 by Francisco Hernández de Córdoba, during its short history, the city has undergone a series of natural disasters. Partially destroyed by the Momotombo volcano that irrupted in 1578, the earthquake of 1610 struck the final blow by destroying what remained standing. The decision was taken to move the city and to rebuild it six leagues away. The gradual burial of the city due to natural disasters has preserved the vestiges unaltered and in the same environment, without having undergone any change.

The ruins extend over 31.87 ha. To date, 17 colonial structures have been discovered, among which stand out for their social importance:  the Cathedral of Santa María de la Gracia, the La Merced church and convent, the Casa de la Fundición (The Foundry) as well as other buildings for housing and civil and military installations. These structures all have a relatively simple shape and are built of  tapial.

As León Viejo did not develop, the ruins are a remarkable testimony to the economic and social structures of the Spanish Empire in the 16th century. The site preserves the original layout of the first cities founded by the Spaniards in the New World before the Laws of the Indies. It also testifies to experiments carried out on materials to find those that would be used in future colonial buildings erected in the Americas.

Criterion (iii): The ruined town of León Viejo provides exceptional testimony to the material culture of one of the earliest Spanish colonial settlements.

 Criterion (iv): The form and nature of early Spanish settlements in the New World, adapting European architectural and planning concepts to the material potential of another region, are uniquely preserved in the archaeological site of León Viejo.

Integrity

The space on which the Ruins of León Viejo lie contains the main material, architectural and urban elements of the old town of León founded in 1524 and which disappeared in 1610. The main urban roads (Calle Real - the Royal Road - and Plaza Mayor - the Grand-Place), and the most important buildings (religious, civil, and those for housing and military installations), which are fundamental and characteristic elements of the Spanish-American cities founded in the 16th century are clearly defined.

The abandon of the city in 1610 and its gradual burial helped preserve the ruins unaltered for over 350 years, until their discovery in 1967. Since then, excavations, building surveys, scientific studies and conservation works were carried out, which would ensure the preservation of the existing ruins and their exploitation in a sustainable manner with the participation- and for the benefit -- of the community.

Anthropogenic risks remain minor, because the ruins are in a sparsely populated area not developed an urban scale. The main threats to the integrity of the site are natural phenomena.          

Authenticity

There is no doubt about the identification of the site. Excavations have proved that it is indeed the colonial city of León. The excavated vestiges are authentic, excluding some necessary interventions for their waterproofing.

The Ruins of León Viejo preserve the plans of a Spanish-American city founded during the first stage of the conquest and colonization of the American continent. They are the testimony to the use and application of materials and construction techniques of the Old World adapted to the environment and resources of the New World.

Without losing sight of the need to preserve their authenticity as ruins, it is possible to ensure their enhancement in a perspective of sustainable development, in accordance with normative legal instruments, studies and conservation plans implemented and for the benefit of local communities.

Protection and management requirements

The Ruins of León Viejo were declared Cultural Heritage of the Nation by Law 167 and its amendments, issued on 31 May 1994 in No. 100 of the Official Journal "La Gaceta". It is well established that the property benefits from special protection, as contained in the Law on the Protection of Cultural Heritage of the Nation (Decree-Law No. 1142, published on 2 December 1982 in No. 282 of the Official Journal "La Gaceta").

The protected area belongs to the State, and the peripheral zone which contains archaeological remains belongs to private owners.

The conservation of the Ruins and the Outstanding Universal Value they represent is achieved by the implementation of a management plan. The latter, which must be regularly updated, defines the response actions and those aimed at the enhancement of the site in a sustainable perspective. The management plan is implemented by the Nicaraguan Institute of Culture (State entity responsible for the administrative management of the listed site), in coordination with various national and local institutions.

The Nicaraguan Institute of Culture is committed to strengthening the conservation of the Ruins of León Viejo in designing and implementing normative instruments specific to the designated area and its buffer zone, and to providing financial support for the proper implementation of the management plan.