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Chartres Cathedral

Chartres Cathedral

Partly built starting in 1145, and then reconstructed over a 26-year period after the fire of 1194, Chartres Cathedral marks the high point of French Gothic art. The vast nave, in pure ogival style, the porches adorned with fine sculptures from the middle of the 12th century, and the magnificent 12th- and 13th-century stained-glass windows, all in remarkable condition, combine to make it a masterpiece.

Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Cathédrale de Chartres

Construite en partie à partir de 1145, et reconstruite en vingt-six ans après l'incendie de 1194, la cathédrale de Chartres est le monument par excellence de l'art gothique français. Sa vaste nef du plus pur style ogival, ses porches présentant d'admirables sculptures du milieu du XIIe siècle, sa chatoyante parure de vitraux des XIIe et XIIIe siècles en font un chef-d'œuvre exceptionnel et remarquablement bien conservé.

Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

كاتدرائية شارتر

تُعتبر كاتدرائية شارتر، التي تمّ تشييدها جزئياً ابتداءً من العام1145 وأعيد بناؤها في غضون عشرين عاماً بعد الحريق الذي أصابها عام 1194، النُصب التذكاري للفن القوطي الفرنسي بامتياز إذ إنّ جناحها الكبير الذي يتّخذ شكل أقواس قوطيّة وأروقتها بمنحوتاتها المذهلة التي تعود لمنتصف القرن الثاني عشر، وزخارف زجاجها الزاهرة العائدة للقرنين الثاني والثالث عشر، تجعل منها تُحفةً نادرةً مصانة بشكل جيد.

source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

沙特尔大教堂

沙特尔大教堂部分始建于1145年,1194年遭遇火灾,后历经26年重建方再现原貌,可谓法国哥特式建筑的颠峰之作。高大的中殿呈纯粹的尖拱型,四周的门廊装饰着12世纪中叶的精美雕刻,再加上12世纪和13世纪光彩夺目的彩色玻璃,所有的这一切都是那么非凡卓越,堪称经典杰作。

source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Кафедральный собор в городе Шартр

Шартрский собор, заложенный в 1145 г., а затем перестраивавшийся в течение 26 лет после пожара 1194 г., является высшим достижением французского готического искусства. Его обширный неф в "чистом" стрельчатом стиле, украшенные прекрасными скульптурами середины XII в. портики и величественные витражи XII-XIII вв., сохранившиеся в превосходном состоянии, – вот основные составляющие этого шедевра.

source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Catedral de Chartres

Empezada en 1145 y recomenzada tras el incendio sufrido en 1194, la construcción de catedral de Chartres finalizó 26 años después de este siniestro. Representativa del apogeo del arte gótico francés, esta catedral dotada de una vasta nave del más puro estilo ojival, de pórticos ornados con admirables esculturas de mediados del siglo XII, y de magníficos vitrales de los siglos XII y XIII es una obra maestra excepcionalmente bien conservada.

source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

シャルトル大聖堂
パリのノートル・ダム寺院、アミアン大聖堂、ランス大聖堂と並ぶフランス・ゴシック様式の大聖堂。11世紀に創建されたが火災に遭い、13世紀半ばに現在の姿に再建された。両大戦の戦火を免れて、内部は中世の聖堂空間の峻厳な雰囲気を今日までよく伝えており、その美しいステンドグラスは有名である。

source: NFUAJ

Kathedraal van Chartres

De Kathedraal van Chartres is gedeeltelijk gebouwd in 1145 en na de brand in 1194 in 26 jaar voltooid. De kathedraal markeert het hoogtepunt van de Franse gotische kunst. Het enorme schip van de kerk is gebouwd in pure spitsboogstijl en de portalen zijn versierd met fijn beeldhouwwerk uit het midden van de 12e eeuw. De prachtige 12e en 13e-eeuwse gebrandschilderde ramen – beroemd om hun diepblauwe kleur, het Chartres blauw – verkeren in een opmerkelijk goede staat. De kathedraal geldt als Frans meesterwerk en wordt gebruikt als een pelgrimskerk. Chartres is ook bekend vanwege zijn labyrint uit 1205, ingelegd in marmer.

Source: unesco.nl

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Chartres Cathedral (France) © UNESCO
Outstanding Universal Value

Brief synthesis

Notre-Dame de Chartres Cathedral, located in the Centre-Val-de-Loire region, is one of the most authentic and complete works of religious architecture of the early 13th century. It was the destination of a pilgrimage dedicated to the Virgin Mary, among the most popular in all medieval Western Christianity. Because of the unity of its architecture and decoration, the result of research of the first Gothic era, its immense influence on the art of Middle Age Christianity, Chartres Cathedral appears as an essential landmark in the history of medieval architecture. The outstanding stained-glass ensemble, monumental statuary of the 12th and 13th centuries and the painted decorations miraculously preserved from the ravages of humankind and time, make Chartres one of the most admirable and the best-preserved examples of Gothic art.

The west façade built around the middle of the 12th century, with its three portals whose splays are decorated with statue columns (Royal Portail), its two towers, its southern spire and its three large incomparable stained-glass windows, comprise an authentic and complete example that remains with us of this art created at St Denis, and which marked the advent of an original mode of plastic expression, known as the Gothic style.

A little later, the nave and the choir, reconstructed as of 1194, effected for the first time an architectural formula which would be widely employed throughout the 13th century.

The monumental sculptures of Chartres Cathedral are valued both for their abundance and for their quality: the large ensembles, reliefs and statues, of the Royal Portail at the entrance to the nave, the six portals and two porches dating from 1210 at the north and south entrances to the transept, offer a complete panorama of Gothic sculpture from the moment when it broke from Romanesque traditions to attain the subtle balance of idealism and realism that characterises its apogee. In this cathedral, seat of a renowned school, technical and artistic mastery were at the service of a highly developed iconographic science.

Finally, Chartres Cathedral has almost totally conserved its homogeneous decor of stained-glass windows executed between approximately 1210 and 1250. To this must be added the three stained-glass windows of the 12th century above the Royal Portail and the large roses of the 13th century on the three façades: on the west, the Last Judgement; on the north, the Glorification of the Virgin; on the south, the Glorification of Christ.

Criterion (i): Built fairly rapidly and in nearly one stride, Chartres Cathedral, owing to the unity of its architecture and stained-glass, sculptured and painted decoration, constitutes the complete and perfected expression of one of the most characteristic aspects of medieval art.

Criterion (ii): Chartres Cathedral has exercised considerable influence on the development of Gothic art in France and beyond. The architects of the Cathedrals of Reims, Amiens and Beauvais have only enriched the fundamental design of Chartres, that was imitated in Cologne in Germany, Westminister in England and Leon in Spain. In the domain of stained glass, the influence of the Chartres workshop ranged widely from Bourges, Sens, Le Mans, Tours, Poitiers, Rouen, Canterbury, through spreading or diffusion of works.

Criterion (iv): Chartres Cathedral is both a symbol and a basic building type. It is the most elucidating example one could choose to define the cultural, social and aesthetic reality of the Gothic cathedral.

Integrity

Chartres Cathedral was considered as a model from the time of its construction, due to the novelty and perfection of the technical and aesthetic parts that were adopted. All the elements that made it an architectural reference, in particular its nave and choir, remain intact.

The scuptured decor (portals and rood screen elements) offer a complete panorama of the Gothic style. The cathedral has also preserved outstanding stained glass from the middle of the 12th century as well as almost the totality of its homogeneous decor of stained glass that comprises the greatest ensemble of stained glass from the first half of the 13th century. Finally, the interior restorations have revealed the painted decor of the 13th century, constituting an almost entirely preserved false-stone work.

Later additions at the end of the Gothic era (Vendôme Chapel, north-west spire, Clock Pavillon), the Renaissance (choir cloister), Classic era (development of the Victor Louis choir), Industrial era (Emile Martin iron structure) and Contemporary (stained-glass creation) did not alter the purity of the ensemble.

Chartres Cathedral occupies a remarkable position in the Beauce Plain. Its silhouette, visible for more than 25 km around, constitutes a particularly clear marker in the landscape. A true meeting point emblematically confirming the remarkable relation maintained by the architectural work with the surrounding site, this perception of the cathedral “between sky and earth” was evoked by many illustrous artists and writers.

Authenticity

Chartres Cathedral presents outstanding authenticity, both through its structure and its decor, notably the portals and their sculptured decoration having undergone little alteration, and the exceptional ensemble of stained-glass of the 13th century, which are the object of constant conservation measures, and are today in a remarkable state of conservation. The only important alterations undergone by the edifice are the demolition of the rood screen in the 17th century and the roof fire of 1836. The metal structure, put up in 1837 to replace the roof, is a remarkable element of the 19th century that fully participates in the values of the edifice.

Protection and management requirements

Property of the State, Chartres Cathedral is listed in its totality as Historic Monument since 1862. As such, it enjoys conservation measures financed and directly implemented by the Ministry of Culture and Communication. It is included in the outstanding heritage site of the city of Chartres with a safeguarding and enhancement plan in force. Legally recognized as a Catholic building, it cannot be used for any other worship.

The management of the property is ensured by the State, the religious authorities, the National Monuments Centre and the City of Chartres. The important visitor flow in this dense urban environment does not negatively affect the integrity and the authenticity of the property due to the efficient coordination of all these actors. However, the relation between the cathedral and its landscape has now become vulnerable in the face of development pressures.

Once in place, the management plan will inscribe the landscape dimension of the cathedral into the territorial planning tools.