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In recent years, gender dynamics in education in the English-speaking Caribbean have undergone significant shifts. On the one hand, educational access, retention and attainment by girls have improved significantly and should be celebrated. On the other hand, retention, completion and attainment by boys appear to be slipping. The question at the centre of these changes is whether the decline for boys is relative (boys only appear to be declining because girls are doing so much better) or real (fewer boys are reaching their potential than was the case in the past). …
A desk review based on studying available literature on girls, women and HIV/AIDS in eastern Africa. This study focuses on girls, women and HIV/AIDS in Eastern African Region. It covers Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan, Rwanda and Burundi. The focus of the study was to get a comprehensive understanding of the issues of girls, women and HIV/AIDS in the region. It is also a contribution of UNICEF ESAR in the review of the status of women, girls and HIV/AIDS ten years since the Beijing Conference. …
Girl Power shows that, early in the epidemic (before 1995), more highly educated women were more vulnerable to HIV than women who were less well educated. The most likely reason is that more highly educated people had better economic prospects, which influenced their lifestyle choices such as mobility and number of sexual partners. At that stage, there was also a general information vacuum about HIV and AIDS in Africa.However, as the epidemic has evolved, the relationship between girls' education and HIV has also changed. …
AIDS Review 2004 addresses the ways in which this epidemic has positioned men and the crucial roles that men can play in the social and political responses to HIV and AIDS. We address the construction of male identities and 'maleness' and the ways in which masculinities and male sexuality has been understood. …
L'étude présente certaines différences par sexe observées chez les enfants dans les enquêtes par sondage de type EDS (DHS) ou EMF (WFS) en Afrique subsaharienne. Quatre indicateurs de résultats sont analysés : les indicateurs de mortalité des jeunes enfants (néonatale, post-natale et juvénile) et la prévalence de la malnutrition. Trois indicateurs de comportements sont analysés : la vaccination, l'utilisation de la réhydratation orale et la durée d'allaitement. Enfin, les rapports de masculinités à la naissance sont étudiés séparément.
This study presents the trend with regard to age at first intercourse of men and women in rural Senegal. The start of the sexual life of men proved to be early for the young generations. The start of sexual life of women, on the contrary, appeared to be somewhat later, in one of the sites. These results confirm that of another study carried out in another rural zone in Senegal. The underlying factors seem to be the early puberty of boys, the contact with the urban culture through education, migration and the changes of norms with regard to sexuality. The rise of the age of marriage of men, combined with an earlier start of sexual life, leads to a longer period wherein the risk of non desired pregnancies exists. It is thus important to implicate boys in the prevention actions with regard to sexual and reproductive health.