The impact of the HIV and AIDS epidemic is felt hardest by the individuals who are infected or affected by the disease, and in particular by individuals who are especially vulnerable to HIV infection due to stigma and discrimination, poverty, a lack of access to education, health and other services that promote HIV awareness. However, the impact of HIV and AIDS goes beyond the individual or household level – it affects nations as a whole. In October 2010, UN Women issued a call for proposals to work with three marginalised groups – namely women living with HIV (WLHIV), sex workers (SW), and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) individuals – to develop a regional advocacy strategy on HIV and AIDS. UN Women chose the Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa (OSISA) to conduct the work. This agenda setting paper outilnes challenges and barriers to accessing HIV and sexual and reproductive health services and rights and provides recommendations for key stakeholders.