Number of professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge (who conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models, techniques instrumentation, software or operational methods) during a given year year expressed as a proportion of 1,000 employed people.
R&D surveys.
Adapted from OECD (2015), Frascati Manual 2015: Guidelines for Collecting and Reporting Data on Research and Experimental Development.
Number of researchers during a given year divided by the total employed people and multiplied by 1,000.