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Traditional brass and copper craft of utensil making among the Thatheras of Jandiala Guru, Punjab, India

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Inscribed in 2014 (9.COM) on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity

© 2009 by Punjab Heritage Tourism Promotion Board, Punjab

The craft of the Thatheras of Jandiala Guru constitutes the traditional technique of manufacturing brass and copper utensils in Punjab. The metals used – copper, brass and certain alloys – are believed to be beneficial for health. The process begins with procuring cooled cakes of metal that are flattened into thin plates and then hammered into curved shapes, creating the required small bowls, rimmed plates, to larger pots for water and milk, huge cooking vessels and other artefacts. Heating the plates while hammering and curving them into different shapes requires careful temperature control, which is achieved by using tiny wood-fired stoves (aided by hand-held bellows) buried in the earth. Utensils are manually finished by polishing with traditional materials such as sand and tamarind juice. Designs are made by skilfully hammering a series of tiny dents into the heated metal. Utensils may be manufactured for ritual or utilitarian purposes, both for individual and community use on special occasions such as weddings or at temples. The process of manufacturing is transmitted orally from father to son. Metalwork is not simply a form of livelihood for Thatheras, but it defines their family and kinship structure, work ethic and status within the social hierarchy of the town.

The processing of raw material - the plate of metal scrap
Tiny wood fire stove buried in the earth
Heating the plates with hand held bellows
Hammering and curving into shapes
Hammering and curving into shapes
The polishing of the artefacts with acid, sand and tamarind juice
Workshop-cum-household of the Thatheras
Carving of designs by making tiny dents on the artefacts
The Thathera family at work
Various artefacts created by the Thathreas
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