Although not widely considered to be a ‘fragile state’ by the international donor community, Bosnia and Herzegovina nevertheless remains fragile due to internal and regional political insecurity. The current political stagnation and absence of social trust in Bosnia and Herzegovina are due in no small part to ongoing disagreement about the country’s identity and future. Such disagreement has implications for the education of the country’s children and young people.It has been argued that the manner in which education was delivered during the 1992–1995 war supported the conflicting agendas of the three constituent peoples by stereotyping and promoting divisive histories. After the war, education was manipulated to perpetuate these divisions. The General Framework Agreement left a chaotic legacy for education, creating an institutionally complex structure which makes the task of educational reform exceptionally challenging. This desk review is part of a larger INEE research project, ‘Situational Analyses of Education and Fragility’. It examines the post-war period in Bosnia and Herzegovina, from the signing of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in 1995, through to the present day.