Røros Mining Town and the Circumference
Røros Mining Town and the Circumference
Røros Mining Town and the Circumference is linked to the copper mines, established in the 17th century and exploited for 333 years until 1977. The site comprises the Town and its industrial-rural cultural landscapes; Femundshytta, a smelter with its associated area; and the Winter Transport Route. Completely rebuilt after its destruction by Swedish troops in 1679, Røros contains about 2000 wooden one- and two-storey houses and a smelting house. Many of these buildings have preserved their blackened wooden façades, giving the town a medieval appearance. Surrounded by a buffer zone, coincident with the area of privileges (the Circumference) granted to the mining enterprise by the Danish-Norwegian Crown (1646), the property illustrates the establishment and flourishing of a lasting culture based on copper mining in a remote region with a harsh climate.
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
Ville minière de Røros et la Circonférence
L'histoire de la ville de Røros est liée à l'exploitation des mines de cuivre découvertes au XVIIe siècle et exploitées pendant 333 ans, jusqu'en 1977. le site comprend la ville et ses paysages culturels industrialo-ruraux, Femundsytta, une fonderie avec sa zone associée et la route de transport d'hiver. Entièrement reconstruite après sa destruction par les troupes suédoises en 1679, elle possède environ 2000 maisons en bois à un ou deux étages et une fonderie. Nombre d'entre elles ont conservé leurs façades en bois noirci qui donnent à la ville un aspect médiéval. Entouré d'une zone tampon coïncidant avec la zone de privilèges (la Circonférence) accordés à l'entreprise minière par la couronne dano-norvégienne (1646), le bien illustre l'établissement d'une culture fondée sur l'extraction minière du cuivre dans une région isolée.
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
مدينة رورس المنجمية ومحيطها
يرتبط تاريخ مدينة رورس بمناجم النحاس التي اُكتشفت في القرن السابع عشر وظلت قيد الاستغلال حتى عام 1977. وتشمل هذه المدينة، التي أُعيد بناؤها بالكامل بعد أن هدمتها القوات السويدية في عام 1679، نحو 80 منزلاً خشبياً. وقد احتفظ عدد من هذه المنازل بواجهاتها الخشبية المسوّدة التي تضفي على المدينة طابعاً يخص القرون الوسطى. وقد أُدرجت هذه المدينة في قائمة التراث العالمي في عام 1980. ويشمل الممتلك سلسلة من المواقع تضم المدينة ومناظرها الثقافية الصناعية والريفية المتمثلة في مسبك فيموندسيتا والمنطقة الملحقة به وطريق النقل الشتوي. كما أن هذا الممتلك، الذي تحيط به منطقة عازلة توجد في منطقة الامتيازات (المحيط) التي منحها التاج الدانمركي النرويجي إلى مؤسسة صناعة المناجم (1646)، يُبين إنشاء ثقافة تستند إلى استخراج النحاس من المناجم في منطقة معزولة
source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
勒罗斯矿城及周边地区
勒罗斯城的历史与当地的铜矿紧密相连，这一发现于17世纪的铜矿，其开采利用一直持续到1977年。勒罗斯城在1679年被瑞典军队夷为平地后，得到了彻底的重建，迄今城中仍有约2000幢木结构的一家庭和两家庭建筑以及一座铸造厂。许多木屋仍然保持着黑色的建筑外墙，呈现出一派中世纪的城市风格。勒罗斯城于1980年被正式列入《世界遗产名录》。此次扩展的部分由包括勒罗斯城及其工农业文化景观；费门兹塔（Femundsytta）铸造厂及其相关区域，以及冬季运输道路等一系列遗址组成。勒罗斯周边的缓冲区与优惠区是丹麦-挪威王室向当地的矿产开发公司授予的（1646年）。这一遗产的价值在于体现了如何在气候严酷而偏远的地区，建立起一种以铜矿开采为基础的文化。
source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
Шахтерский город Рёрус и его окрестности
История города Рёрос связана с медными рудниками, заложенными в семнадцатом веке и эксплуатировавшимися в течение 333 лет - вплоть до 1977 года. Полностью восстановленный после разрушения шведскими войсками в 1679 году, город насчитывает около 2000 одно- и двухэтажных деревянных домов и литейных мастерских. Многие из них сохранили свои фасады из потемневшего от времени дерева, придающие городу средневековый облик. Памятник был включен в Список всемирного наследия в 1980 году. Теперь он расширяется за счет ряда участков, окружающих город, а также - культурного ландшафта его промышленной и сельской местностей; Фемундситты – литейной мастерской и прилегающей к ней территории; зимней проезжей дороги. Памятник окружен буферной зоной, охватывающей бывшую зону привилегий (Круг), дарованную предприятию датско-норвежским королевским двором (1646). Он иллюстрирует становление и расцвет культуры, связанной с добычей меди, в отдаленном районе с суровым климатом.
source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
Ciudad Minera de Røros y la Circunferencia
La historia de esta ciudad está estrechamente vinculada a la explotación de los yacimientos de cobre descubiertos en el siglo XVII y explotados hasta 1977. Totalmente reconstruida después de su destrucción por las tropas suecas en 1679, Røros posee unas 2.000 casas de madera. Muchas de ellas han conservado sus oscuras fachadas de troncos de madera embreados que dan a la ciudad un aspecto medieval. El sitio se inscribió en la Lista del Patrimonio Mundial en 1980. Con su extensión engloba ahora, además de la ciudad, una serie de paisajes culturales de carácter industrial y rural, como la fundición de Femundsytta, su zona circundante y la ruta de transporte invernal. Rodeado por un área tampón que coincide con los límites de la Circunferencia –zona de privilegio concedida a la explotación minera por la Corona de Dinamarca y Noruega en 1646– este sitio es ilustrativo del asentamiento de una cultura basada en la extracción de mineral de cobre en una región apartada de clima riguroso.
source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
Mijnstad Røros en ommeland
De mijnstad Røros en ommeland is verbonden met de kopermijnen. Ze dateren van de 17e eeuw en zijn gedurende 333 jaar geëxploiteerd tot 1977. Het gebied bestaat uit de stad en de industrieel-landelijke cultuurlandschappen: Femundshytta, een smelterij met de bijbehorende omgeving en de Winter Transport Route. Røros is volledig herbouwd na de verwoesting door de Zweedse troepen in 1679. De stad bevat ongeveer 2.000 houten huizen en een smelthuis. Veel van deze gebouwen hebben hun zwarte houten gevels behouden, waardoor de stad een middeleeuwse uitstraling heeft. Het gebied illustreert een lang bestaande cultuur gebaseerd op de exploitatie van een kopermijn.
Source: unesco.nl
Røros Mining Town and the Circumference (Norway)
© Jiri Havran
Outstanding Universal Value
Brief synthesis
Røros Mining Town and the Circumference consist of three sites within the Circumference, i.e. the area of privileges awarded by the Danish-Norwegian King to Røros Copper Works in 1646.
The town and the cultural landscapes cover a large continuous area which includes the landscape surrounding the mining town, the urban agricultural areas, and the most important mining landscapes where agricultural practices and copper work operations were carried out.
Femundshytta is a largely relict landscape which includes the industrial cultural landscape with the remains of a smelter, water management systems, and the community that grew up around them. The Winter Transport Route is made up of a sequence of lakes, rivers, and creeks in an almost untouched landscape. It was used from November to May.
Røros Mining Town, established in 1646, is unique. It is built entirely of wood, and interlinked with a cultural landscape that shows in an outstanding and almost complete manner how mining operations, transportation, and the way of life had to be adapted to the requirements of the natural environment – the mountain plains, the cold climate, the remote location without roads and with marginal growth conditions for forests and agriculture. On this basis a unique culture developed that has partly disappeared, but an outstanding testimony of the existence of which has been preserved.
Criterion (iii): From the time copper ore was found in the mountains at Røros in 1644 until the copper works went bankrupt in 1977, with German mining technology as a starting point, employing German, Danish, Swedish immigrants, and Norwegian nationals,, a unique culture developed to extract the valuable copper in a remote and sparsely inhabited area. Today there is no mining in the area, but Røros Mining Town and the traces of mining, smelters, transport, and water management systems bear unique witness to the adaptation of technology to the requirements of the natural environment and the remoteness of the situation.
Criterion (iv): Røros townscape and its related industrial and rural landscapes, with their interlinked industrial activity and domestic and agricultural accommodation within an urban environment, illustrate in an outstanding manner how people adapted to the extreme circumstances in which they had to live and how they used the available indigenous resources to provide shelter, produce food for their sustenance, and contribute to the national wealth of the country. Technologically, their buildings and installations evolved through the use of available indigenous materials to functionally satisfy the combined approach of mining and agrarian practices whilst at the same time accommodating the consequences of dealing with extreme climatic conditions.
Criterion (v): Røros Mining Town and the Circumference constitute a totality that is an outstanding example of traditional settlement and land-use. The various activities that have been carried out in the area constitute a coherent and interdependent unit. These activities have shaped a cultural landscape that provides a unique picture of how the mines and the mining town functioned as a complex and at times vulnerable system that verged on the limits of what was possible in an inhospitable environment with a harsh climate.
Integrity and authenticity
The nominated property contains all elements that convey the Outstanding Universal Value of the property and its most relevant features present a high or good level of integrity. The mining landscape is relict in nature, but almost no transformations or encroachment occurred after the closure of the copper works.
The authenticity of the property is expressed in almost all its aspects and features. All the remains bear credible witness to the history and development of the site. This is also reinforced by the rich archive documenting the copper company’s history.
Protection and management requirements
The most important legislative instruments that help to protect and manage Røros Mining Town and the Circumference are the Cultural Heritage Act (1978) and the Planning and Building Act (1985).
The management framework for Røros Mining Town and the Circumference is embodied in a Statement of Intent which has been signed by all responsible bodies for the nominated property.
The basis for management relies on the existing Norwegian legal framework, the planning instruments in force, the administrative and private bodies responsible for the property and sources of funding for heritage conservation, agricultural activities in heritage areas, productive and marketing activities based on cultural and natural heritage, and sustainable tourism. The management framework contains an action programme including short- and long-term actions.
View photos from OUR PLACE the World Heritage collection
1994