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Conocimientos, técnicas, tradiciones y prácticas vinculadas al cultivo y explotación de la palma datilera

Inscrito en 2019 (14.COM) en la Lista Representativa del Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial de la Humanidad

Los habitantes de numerosas regiones de los Estados que solicitan la inscripción de este elemento del patrimonio cultural cultivan y explotan desde muchos siglos atrás la palma datilera, no sólo porque es un recurso alimentario importante, sino también porque constituye un elemento indispensable para el ejercicio de diferentes actividades y oficios artesanales, así como para la práctica de diversas tradiciones y costumbres de índole sociocultural. Árbol de hojas perennes, la palma datilera crece sobre todo en climas secos porque sus raíces penetran profundamente en el suelo para absorber un máximo de humedad. Los depositarios y practicantes de este elemento del patrimonio vivo son: los propietarios de palmerales; los agricultores dedicados a plantar, regar y cuidar las palmas; los artesanos que fabrican productos tradicionales con las diferentes partes de estos árboles; los mercaderes de dátiles; y los autores de narraciones y poemas populares sobre la palma, así como los artistas que los recitan. Los conocimientos, técnicas, tradiciones y prácticas culturales vinculados al cultivo y explotación de la palma datilera han desempeñado un papel esencial en el estrechamiento de los lazos entre las poblaciones interesadas de los Estados Árabes solicitantes de la inscripción, ayudándolas a superar los problemas que entrañan los rigores propios del medio ambiente desértico. A lo largo de la historia, su relación con la palma datilera ha dado lugar a la creación de un rico patrimonio cultural que comprende conocimientos y competencias que todavía se aplican actualmente. La importancia de su cultivo, explotación y difusión a lo largo de los siglos explican el sólido compromiso contraído por las comunidades locales en pro de la salvaguardia de este elemento del patrimonio vivo, que se patentiza en la participación colectiva en las múltiples actividades, celebraciones de festividades rituales y prácticas que giran en torno a él y que contribuyen a mantenerlo.

United Arab Emirates - An Emirati craftswomen practices palm tree leaves weaving (a craft known as Safafa). Some of the palm tree products in this photo are: Al Mahfa (a hand fan), Al Sarood, Al Quiffah, Al Mikhrafa - samples of colored wicker weave
United Arab Emirates - Areesh House is a traditional type of house that is built using palm tree products in the UAE. Some of the materials used to build it are: palm tree trunks, Al Daoon (pillars), ropes, wood and Shirbak (the wall). The photo here depicts the summer Areesh house.
Bahrain - Palm tree germination (insemination) is a key skill that the farmer must have. In the process, a collection of male parts (stamen) are joined with female parts (pistil) to create the best type of dates.
Egypt - Young people make different forms to sell on the market on the occasion of religious holidays
Egypt - Models for a mat rmade of palm leaves and expressive drawings of some events
Iraq - A craftsman in the field of traditional crafts for making home furniture out of the palm fronds accompanied by his two sons
Jordan - A palm farm showing agriculture in the Jordan valley
Kuwait - Palm trees fibers weaved into ropes that are used, among other things, to weave onto boxes, to use as construction ties (stronger than modern materials) and ship building
Mauritania -It is a wadi of palm grove between two hills of steep slope. We see buildings, and at the feet of the wadi, palms are mixed with other trees.
Morocco - Techniques for storing soft dates (séchage et préparation des dattes à emmagasiner)
Oman - Various products made from palm tree fronds in Oman shows the importance of the palm tree in making a variety of household tools of various colors and shapes.
Palestine - A farmer from Palestine checks the palm tree fruit to make sure it is disease-free (this is one of the key skills the farmer must master to properly care for the palm tree)
Palestine - The photo shows a palm tree farm in Palestine where the ripe dates are transported to storage areas using traditional carriages. Also, judging by their height, these palm trees are old.
Saudi Arabia - A famous dates market in Saudi Arabia located in Baridah area which clearly shows the abundance of dates in the country and the huge quantities on display there. In the market, people hold daily auctions during the harvest period immediately after Fajer prayer which lasts all day.
Saudi Arabia - making mats from palms tree products in Saudi Arabia such as palm tree fronds and ropes which are made from palm fibers. This craft requires some hand skills.
Sudan - Palm leaf knitting
Tunisia - Creativity in plastic art on palm wood (créativité en arts plastiques sur bois de palmier)
Yemen - Trimming the palm trees is one of the key processes that farmers implement. This process includes removing dry branches and provide nutrition and water for the other branches. In this photo, the worker is shown climbing the palm tree using a rope belt (Al Habool).
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