Journée internationale de la prévention des catastrophes
Les catastrophes provoquées par des risques naturels et technologiques touchent des millions de personnes chaque année dans le monde, mais une grande partie de leur impact peut être réduite par des mesures et une planification proactives. La Journée internationale de la prévention des catastrophes, qui a lieu chaque année le 13 octobre, célèbre la manière dont les personnes et les communautés du monde entier réduisent leur exposition aux catastrophes.
L'UNESCO s'est engagée dans un changement conceptuel qui consiste à passer de la réaction post-catastrophe à l'action pré-catastrophe et aide les pays à renforcer leurs capacités de gestion des risques de catastrophes et du climat.
Cette année, la Journée internationale pour la prévention des catastrophes se concentre sur le "Renforcement de la gouvernance des risques de catastrophes pour mieux gérer les risques de catastrophes", en faisant appel à la cible E du Cadre de Sendai pour la réduction des risques de catastrophes 2015-2039 qui mesure le nombre de pays et d'acteurs locaux qui ont mis en place des stratégies de RRC, visant à "augmenter de manière substantielle le nombre de pays ayant des stratégies nationales et locales de réduction des risques de catastrophes d'ici 2020".
Bien qu'il soit impossible d'éliminer complètement les risques de catastrophe, les pays qui conçoivent des cadres politiques et législatifs et qui préparent leurs institutions conformément à l'objectif, aux cibles et aux priorités d'action du Cadre de Sendai, ont une plus grande capacité à gérer les risques de catastrophe et donc à réduire l'impact des catastrophes lorsqu'elles se produisent. Toutefois, une stratégie efficace de réduction des risques de catastrophes est complexe et nécessite, entre autres, des mécanismes de coordination efficaces entre les différents acteurs, une politique nationale globale, une collaboration et une contribution transdisciplinaires et multisectorielles.
Dans cette optique, et en maintenant l'accent de la Journée sur l'impact des catastrophes sur les communautés, les individus et les infrastructures, qui affectent profondément leur bien-être, le thème de cette année vise à faire passer le message que de nombreuses catastrophes peuvent être évitées ou prévenues s'il existe des stratégies de réduction des risques de catastrophes pour gérer et réduire les niveaux de risque existants et éviter la création de nouveaux risques. En bref, "une bonne gouvernance des risques de catastrophe".
Rejoignez la conversation avec les hashtags #ItsAllAboutGovernance #DRRday et regardez ci-dessous ce que l'UNESCO a organisé pour la célébration de cette journée !
De nombreux Géoparcs mondiaux UNESCO organisent des évènements à travers le monde.
MESSAGE DE LA DIRECTRICE GÉNÉRALE
"L’atténuation des effets provoqués par les catastrophes ainsi que les investissements réalisés dans les actions préventives ont un impact positif sur les économies, que ce soit à l’échelle locale, nationale ou mondiale. Unissons donc nos forces pour soutenir les États membres dans la mise en œuvre de cette stratégie."
— Audrey Azoulay, Directrice générale de l'UNESCO, à l'occasion de la Journée internationale de la prévention des catastrophes
Evènements
Ce que fait l'UNESCO pour la réduction des risques de catastrophe
Les Géoparcs mondiaux UNESCO célébrent la réduction des risques de catastrophe - 2020
Les Géoparcs mondiaux UNESCO participent chaque jour à la réduction des risques de catastrophes et à la sensibilisation des populations locales. De nombreux sites désignés par l'UNESCO profitent cette Journée afin de sensibiliser les communautés locale et de leur donner des clés de prévention. La liste ci-dessous n'est pas exhaustive - vous pouvez profiter de cette journée pour visiter un Géoparc mondial UNESCO près de chez vous !
Allemagne | Espagne | France | Grèce | Italie | Islande | Portugal
Harz . Braunschweiger Land . Ostfalen UNESCO Global Geopark (Allemagne)
titre de l'événement : “Integrated river management Nördliches Harzvorland” – Flood protection Oker
date: ongoing pilot project of the state of Lower Saxony
place: Lower Saxony, Northern Harz Foreland
type d'activité: common project with different institutions
cible: general public
description courte: care of about 900 river kilometer (Oker, Innerste and side waters) regarding flood protection, nature protection, sustainable tourism, settlement development and agriculture.
MAESTRAZGO UNESCO Global Geopark (Espagne)
titre de l'événement : Main geologic risks of the Maestrazgo Geopark: International Day for Disaster Reduction 2020.
date: 13th October, 2020
place: Maestrazgo Youtube Channel (Social media)
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiBOstGih6x261BisnHCRwQ/videos
type d'activité: social media, video and up-to-date information about main geologic hazards in the Maestrazgo Geopark (Spain)
cible: inhabitants of the Geopark (broad audience)
description courte: thought a brief video, broadcasting specifically for the IDDRD2020, it`will share information with simple and comprehensive language for all audiences about geohazard concept and the recognition of the main geological hazards in the Maestrazgo Geopark UGGp (Spain).
ORIGENS UNESCO Global Geopark (Espagne)
titre de l'événement : Sant Salvador de Toló, a dinamic geological territory
date: 12th October, 2020
place: Sant Salvador de Toló (Lleida – Catalonia – Spain)
type d'activité: interpretative tour with a geologist guide
cible: general public
description courte: guided tour to see and explain some examples of geological risks, mainly rock falls and landslides
MASSIF DE BAUGES UNESCO Global Geopark (France)
titre de l'événement : Natural hazards: what is the risk in the Bauges?
date: 13th October 2020, 8 p.m.
place: Maison du Parc Le Châtelard
type d'activité: conference
cible: general public
description courte: an intervention to better know the exposure to the natural hazards in our Geopark.
CHELMOS-VOURAIKOS UNESCO Global Geopark (Grèce)
titre de l'événement : Landslides: A common natural hazard for Chelmos – Vouraikos Geopark with a long history
date: 13th October 2020
place: Kalavryta
type d'activité: short video and facebook event
cible: Geopark’s Facebook followers
description courte: we will produce a short video where Geology experts from the Geology Department of the University of Patras will describe the landslides, the mechanism that causes them, will present active landslides and how they are monitored and studied, information about landslide risk reduction, and will present the story of the Tsivlos Lake Geosite which was formed after a big landslide event 100 years ago. The video will be uploaded on the 13/10 and a facebook event will follow. Followers will have the chance to ask the Geology experts questions about landslides and particularly about the landslides in the Chelmos – Vouraikos UNESCO Global Geopark.
LESVOS ISLAND UNESCO Global Geopark (Grèce)
titre de l'événement : Geoparks and Geohazard Risk Reduction
date: 12th - 30th October 2020
place: (a) digital; (b) Natural History Museum of the Lesvos Petrified Forest
type d'activité: (a) Webinar; (b) Experiential educational program and simulation of major earthquakes at the earthquake simulator; (b) Experiential educational program and simulation of tsunami generation
cible: (a) School teachers; (b)School students
description courte: the Lesvos Island UNESCO Global Geopark on the occasion of the International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction will launch educational activities for school students and teachers.
On 13th October 2020 the Natural History Museum of the Lesvos Petrified Forest (Lesvos Island UGGp) in collaboration with the Natural History Museum of Crete (Psiloritis UGGp) will coorganise the webinar for school teachers entitled „Geoparks and Geohazard Risk Reduction“.
The Natural History Museum of the Lesvos Petrified Forest from 12th to 30th October 2020 will implement for school students the experiential educational program “Natural processes in our Planet. Let’s familiarize ourselves with the earthquakes“. During the educational program will be organized the experiential educational activity of simulating large and destructive earthquakes in the earthquake simulator of the Museum and the implementation of the protection measures. The Museum will also organise the educational programme “Simulation of tsunami generation”. Children and teachers will have the opportunity to investigate the tsunami generation process and find out the protection measures.
PSILORITIS UNESCO Global Geopark (Grèce)
titre de l'événement : Webinar on Resilience under RURITAGE project
date: 9th October, 2020
place: web
type d'activité: webinar/public participation
cible: local communities – Local Authorities‘ staff
description courte: the Psiloritis UGGp as a partner and Role Model on Resilience in RURITAGE, Horizon 2020 project, will participate in a public Webinar organized by UNESCO for the general public to present resilience actions and tools of the geopark.
SITIA UNESCO Global Geopark (Grèce)
titre de l'événement : Natural disasters and prepare the response of the citizens
date: 14th October, 2020
place: Cultural Center of the Sitia Municipality
type d'activité: presentations/public participation
cible: local community - institutions - schools
description courte: analytical presentation of the plan of treatment of natural disasters and the role of the citizens to crisis management
VIKOS AOOS UNESCO Global Geopark (Grèce)
titre de l'événement : Old stone arched bridges against the natural disasters
date: 6th-9th October, 2020
place: Voidomatis river and Vikos gorge
type d'activité: walking along the paths – connecting old stone arched bridges
cible: school teachers and local residents
description courte: in the Vikos - Aoos UGGp there are several old stone arched bridges as a result of the intense relief and the diverse division of the hydrographic network. These bridges are architectural monuments of exceptional aesthetics and are part of the cultural identity of the area. However, the action of catastrophic processes (earthquakes, floods, landslides), but in some cases human intervention, result in the destruction of these monuments.
There is an ongoing research project carried out by the Geological Authority of Greece, which records and describes the stone bridges that have been affected and endangered by the ongoing action of catastrophic phenomena. This project will describe the foundation conditions and factors that affect the bridges from a technical-geological point of view.
The aim is to make a classification of the risk due to geological factors in order to have a timely diagnosis and forecast as well as the appropriate restoration planning by the relative authorities.
On the occasion of International Day of Disaster Risk Reduction, an attempt is made to inform and raise the awareness of the citizens as regards the geological hazards and their effect on human works as well as possible actions for the protection of these beautiful stone arched bridges.
Katla UNESCO Global Geopark and Reykjanes UNESCO Global Geopark (Islande)
titre de l'événement : Introduction to the catalogue of Icelandic volcanoes (in Icelandic)
date: 13th October, 2020
place: online event
type d'activité: educational presentation from experts at the Meteorological Office. Streamed online
cible: the presentation is aimed at students, around 14-16 years of age, but the event will be open and advertised for the public
description courte: the Geoparks in Iceland, Katla UGGp and Reykjanes UGGp, have decided to join forces to celebrate the International day on disaster risk reduction with an educational event presented by the Meteorological office in Iceland. Students in the 8-10th grade and their teachers will be introduced to the Catalogue of Icelandic Volcanoes which has recently been published online in Icelandic by the Geohazard department of the Meteorological Office of Iceland.
Both Geoparks are situated in active volcanic regions, although different in nature. Katla UGG is situated on the young Eastern Volcanic Zone where many of Iceland´s largest and most dangerous volcanoes reside under glaciers and ice sheets. During subglacial eruptions, huge outburst floods and ashfall usually occur, posing a constant threat to civilization. The largest and most dangerous volcano is Katla, but other volcanoes in the Geopark have started to show signs of unrest also.
Spreading episodes are common in the Reykjanes UGG as the mid-Atlantic ridge surfaces on the Reykjanes peninsula. The area is characterised by fissures, shield volcanoes and geothermal activity as the area is also quite young on a geological time-scale. Recent uplift, close to the famous Blue Lagoon, hints at increasing activity in the near future and the likelihood of a possible volcanic eruption. Numerous large earthquakes have caused alarm within the nearby communities, and a much-need for understanding the cause and nature of these episodes
A great way to gain an understanding of these forces at work is to have a look into the volcanic and geological history of each area. Understanding the past is key to preparing for the future, reducing risk and preventing disaster. The information presented in the online Catalogue of Icelandic Volcanoes is filled with information to aid in this sense.
APUAN ALPS UNESCO Global Geopark (Italie)
titre de l'événement : Learning from the past on seismic risk reduction
date: 13th October, 2020
place: Geopark visitor centre in Seravezza and GoToMeeting platform
type d'activité: conference
cible: local community, Geoparks Guides, stakeholders, students and teachers
description courte: the Apuan Alps UNESCO Global Geopark, in collaboration with the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology, organizes a conference aimed to spread knowledge about the earthquake that affected its area hundred years ago with the main goal to inform, raise awareness and prepare people for a more effective response during the extreme events.
titre de l'événement : Search of missing people in rough mountain areas
date: 18th October, 2020
place: Gabellaccia, Carrara
type d'activité: technical drill of recovery
cible: local community
description courte: the Apuan Alps UNESCO Global Geopark organizes in collaboration with National Alpine and Cave Rescue Service an educational program with a practical lesson and a technical drill of recovery. The main aim of the activity is to raise awareness, to inform and prepare people for a more effective response during the extreme events.
BEIGUA UNESCO Global Geopark (Italie)
titre de l'événement : the Game of disaster-risk
date: 10th October, 2020
place: House of the Park, Sassello
type d'activité: educational activity for children
cible: children (6-11 years old)
description courte: Junior Geoparkers are celebrating the International Day of Disaster Reduction Risk becoming geologists to learn how to behave correctly in case of floods, landslides, wildfires and earthquakes. An educational game to learn about the natural hazards of our territory.
CILENTO, VALLO DI DIANO AND ALBURNI UNESCO Global Geopark (Italie)
titre de l'événement : Know the natural hazards
date: 13th October 2020
place: Facebook
type d'activité: dissemination
cible: young people
description courte: the event includes a message on facebook that talks about the problems related to geo-risks and climate change. The aim of this message is to sensitize the younger generations to respect for natural resources
MADONIE UNESCO Global Geopark (Italie)
titre de l'événement : Georisks and safety fruition of the Geo-resources
date: 10th October, 2020
place: Palazzo Pucci Martinez Petralia Sottana (Palermo)
type d'activité: workshop with geologists (Regional Order of Geologists), members of the Public Administration and sector workers.
cible: citizens and stakeholders (Associations, touristic guides, local workers, etc.)
description courte: meeting about knowledge of the most representatives and frequented geosites with the presence of geologists and experts. Presentation of the communication and information activities, under the responsibility of the managing offices, for a safety fruition of risk areas with dangerous level P.3 and P.4 in accordance with the Sicilian hydrogeological plan
POLLINO UNESCO Global Geopark (Italie)
titre de l'événement : Know the fire risk
date: 13th October, 2020
place: Geopark headquarters
type d'activité: dissemination
cible: operators in the forest fire sector
description courte: the event includes a meeting in which we explane the results of the forest fire prevention plan
AZORES UNESCO Global Geopark (Portugal)
titre de l'événement : Disaster Risk Reduction in Azores
Date: from 11th to 17th October, 2020
Place: Envioronmental Interpretation Centre of Boqueirão- Flores Island
type d'activité: presentation
cible: all the population
description courte: presentation with information about types of natural disasters that occurred in the Azores (including Flores Island particular case), and some measures to minimize risks.
titre de l'événement : CO2 Emissions at “Furna do Enxofre” cave
Date: from 13th October, 2020
Place: Furna do Enxofre Visitor Centre - Graciosa Island
type d'activité: guided tour
cible: all the population
description courte: guided tours using a querry, to raise awareness of the visitors to the risks associated of CO2 emissions as well to the gas monitoring and video surveillance system installed inside „Furna do Enxofre“ cave.
titre de l'événement : From risks to landscape
Date: from 10th October, 2020
Place: :“Mistérios Negros“ – Terceira Island
type d'activité: guided tour
cible: all the population
description courte: guided tour at the official trail called "Mistérios Negros", along the lava fields os the historical eruption of 1761.
titre de l'événement : What to do in case of an earthquake
Date: from 13th October, 2020
Place: “ Volcanoes House“ – Pico Island
type d'activité: simulation
cible: school
description courte: simulation of 1980 and 1998 earthquakes at the earthquake simulator at the Volcanoes House, and practical demonstration of what to do in case of an earthquake.
ESTRELA UNESCO Global Geopark (Portugal)
titre de l'événement : 5th Estrela Conference: "The Problem of Forest Fires in Portugal" (Portuguese: "O Problema dos Incêndios Florestais em Portugal"), by Professor Domingos Xavier Viegas, PhD.
Date: 14th October, 2020, 17:30 GMT+1 (Lisbon)
Place: Online – Facebook (facebook.com/EstrelaGeopark) and Zoom (https://videoconf-colibri.zoom.us/j/82740800161)
type d'activité: webinar
cible: general public
description courte: the Estrela Conferences are hosted, since 2017, as an open space to discuss the main problems and solutions for Estrela UGGp territory. For the 5th edition of the third cycle of conferences, celebrating the International Day on Disaster Risk Reduction 2020, we are honoured to have Professor Domingos Xavier Viegas, PhD, from University of Coimbra, lecturing in the “Problem of Forest Fires in Portugal”. Professor Viegas performs research regarding Forest Fires since 1986 and is currently President of ADAI - Association for the Development of Industrial Aerodynamics and director of the Laboratory for Forest Fire Studies (LEIF). The conference will be entirely presented in Portuguese.