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Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area

Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area

A spectacular area stretching over more than 26,000 ha in China's Hunan Province, the site is dominated by more than 3,000 narrow sandstone pillars and peaks, many over 200 m high. Between the peaks lie ravines and gorges with streams, pools and waterfalls, some 40 caves, and two large natural bridges. In addition to the striking beauty of the landscape, the region is also noted for the fact that it is home to a number of endangered plant and animal species.

Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Région d'intérêt panoramique et historique de Wulingyuan

S'étendant sur plus de 26 000 ha dans la province du Hunan, le site est dominé par plus de 3 000 piliers et pics de grès à quartzite dont beaucoup ont plus de 200 m de haut. Il se caractérise aussi par la présence de torrents, de gorges, d'étangs et d'une quarantaine de grottes, ainsi que de deux très grands ponts naturels. À l'extraordinaire beauté des paysages s'ajoute le fait que la région abrite un certain nombre d'espèces végétales et animales menacées d'extinction.

Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

منطقة ولينغيوان ذات الأهميّة الجماليّة والتاريخيّة

يمتد هذا الموقع على مساحة أكثر من 26000 هكتار في مقاطعة هونان ويعلوه أكثر من 3000 عمود وقمّة من الحجر الرملي ذات الحثّ الصواني التي يتعدى الكثير منها ارتفاع 200 متر. كما يمتاز بوجود السيول والمضائق والمستنقعات وحوالى أربعين كهفاً، إضافةً إلى جسرين طبيعيين كبيرين. يُضاف إلى جمال الموقع وجود العديد من الأصناف النباتيّة والحيوانيّة المهددة بالإنقراض في هذه المنطقة.

source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

武陵源风景名胜区

武陵源景色奇丽壮观,位于中国湖南省境内,连绵26 000多公顷,景区内最独特的景观是3 000余座尖细的砂岩柱和砂岩峰,大部分都200余米高。在峰峦之间,沟壑、峡谷纵横,溪流、池塘和瀑布随处可见,景区内还有40多个石洞和两座天然形成的巨大石桥。除了迷人的自然景观,该地区还因庇护着大量濒临灭绝的动植物物种而引人注目。

source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Пейзажная достопримечательная зона Улинъюань

Живописная местность площадью более 26 тыс. га, находящаяся в провинции Хунань, украшена высокими песчаниковыми пиками, которых здесь более 3 тыс. Эти пики, высота которых превышает 200 м, разделены глубокими ущельями с горными потоками, озерами и водопадами. Здесь есть также около 40 пещер, а также два естественных каменных моста. В дополнение к исключительной экзотичности эта местность имеет значение и как убежище для исчезающих видов растений и животных.

source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Región de interés panorí¡mico e histórico de Wulingyuan

Este sitio de la provincia de Hunan se extiende por una superficie de mí¡s de 26.000 hectí¡reas. Posee mí¡s de 3.000 pilares y picos de arenisca de cuarzo, muchos de los cuales se yerguen a mí¡s de 200 metros de altura. Sus numerosos torrentes, barrancos, desfiladeros y grandes remansos de agua, así­ como la presencia de unas 40 grutas y dos inmensos puentes naturales, imprimen al paisaje una belleza extraordinaria. Ademí¡s, la región alberga numerosas especies vegetales y animales en peligro de extinción.

source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

武陵源の自然景観と歴史地域
湖南省西部の大庸県張家界国家森林公園、慈利県索渓峪自然風景区、桑植県天子山自然風景区、揚家界風景区からなる広大な地域。その中心は張家界で、標高800~1300m。2000余の絶壁、全長5700mの渓流である金鞭厳、最大の見所といわれる沙刀溝風景区、断崖絶壁が持ち上がった広大な台地である絶景の展望台・黄獅寨など、「縮小された仙境、拡大された盆栽」と形容されるにふさわしい、山水画の世界を現出している。

source: NFUAJ

Wulingyuan: gebied van landschappelijke en historische betekenis

Het gebied Wulingyuan ligt in de Hunan provincie en bestrijkt het stroomgebied van de rivier de Suoxi. Opmerkelijk zijn de ruim 3.000 smalle zandstenen pilaren en pieken op dit terrein, waarvan er veel een hoogte van meer dan 200 meter hebben. Tussen de pieken in bevinden zich ravijnen en kloven met beekjes, meertjes en watervallen, 40 grotten en twee grote natuurlijke bruggen. De regio is niet alleen bekend vanwege de uitzonderlijke schoonheid van het landschap, maar ook omdat Wulingyuan het leefgebied vormt van een groot aantal bedreigde planten- en diersoorten.

Source: unesco.nl

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Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area © Ko Hon Chiu Vincent
Outstanding Universal Value

Brief synthesis

Wulingyuan is an island of nature within a heavily populated agricultural region. A spectacular area stretching some 26,400ha in China’s Hunan Province, the site is dominated by more than 3,000 narrow quartz sandstone pillars, many over 200m high. Nestled within its towering peaks lie ravines and gorges with streams, pools and waterfalls, two large natural bridges, and some 40 caves. Impressive calcite deposits are a notable feature within these caves. In addition to the striking beauty of the landscape, including spectacular jagged stone peaks, luxuriant vegetation cover and clear lakes and streams, the region is also home to a number of endangered plant and animal species.

Criterion (vii): The huge number of sandstone columns and peaks—more than 3,000—are spectacular. These, coupled with other land forms (natural bridges, ravines, waterfalls, streams, pools and caves) and dense broadleaf forest, present an aesthetically beautiful landscape enhanced by the mists and clouds which frequently shroud the site. There are more than 40 caves and two huge natural stone bridges, one of which rises 357 m above the valley floor.

At time of evaluation it was also noted that with additional information there could also be justification for inscribing this property under criterion (x), as the site provides important habitat for a number of threatened plant and animal species such as dhole, Asiatic black bear and Chinese water deer.

Integrity

The property has within its boundaries all the necessary elements demonstrating the natural beauty for which it was inscribed, as well as a buffer zone. Integrity issues noted at time of inscription include human pressure from use of the reserve by people living in and around it, and the intense pressure from visitors. Numerous tourist facilities also have an aesthetic impact on the natural values of the property. However many measures have been and are still being undertaken to address these issues.

Protection and management requirements

Wulingyuan was approved and listed as a national key scenic area by the Chinese State Council in 1988, thus has a long history of protection under relevant national and provincial laws and regulations. In 1999, owing to the growing commercialization and loss of natural values, the local authorities declared the Decision of Protecting Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property, and began the demolition of houses in the scenic areas. The scenic area was expanded, settlement was reduced and ecological tourism was promoted. By the end of 2002, the adverse impacts on the aesthetic values of Wulingyuan scenic areas had been mitigated. In January 2001, the Hunan Provincial People’s Congress Standing Committee implemented the Regulations on Protection of Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property, providing a stronger legal basis for protection. The property is managed by the Administrative Bureau of Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area assisted by several other resource management agencies. The Office of Heritage Protection was established in 2000 as the operational agency for managing the property and subsequently the Zhangjiajie, Tianzishan, Suoxiyu and Yangjiajie Scenic Area Offices and Protection Stations were established. In total, there are approximately 500 management staff. Museums and visitor centres have been created for research, education and interpretation of the property’s natural values

In 2005, the Comprehensive Plan of Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area was revised and Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage protection regulations were established to ensure the long-term protection and conservation of the property. The quartz sandstone peaks, columns, karst landscapes, gorges, species, vegetation, ecology, and all other elements that contribute to be aesthetic value of Wulingyuan need to be strictly maintained and monitored. The number, seasonal distribution and activities of visitors is scientifically controlled and adjusted so that a dynamic balance between World Heritage, people and the economy is established. In order to deal with the challenges of tourism development and environment protection, special organizations have been established which monitor all the elements contributing to the aesthetic value of the property cited above as well as the numbers of visitors and their impact, air quality, water quality, environmental quality, electronic radiation, and noise in order to fulfil both the requirements of international conventions and national laws and regulations.