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Programa de construcción rural de Viet Nam: integrar la cultura en la planificación del desarrollo nacional
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El Programa Objetivo Nacional sobre una Nueva Construcción Rural (2010-2020) de Viet Nam es un amplio programa de desarrollo socioeconómico y político destinado a apoyar el desarrollo sostenible en las zonas rurales. Mediante el desarrollo de infraestructuras culturales locales y de actividades culturales comunitarias, el programa promueve tanto la preservación de la cultura tradicional como las expresiones culturales contemporáneas, a la vez que refuerza la solidaridad comunitaria.
El Programa Objetivo Nacional sobre una Nueva Construcción Rural consta de dos componentes principales. Con el primero se brinda apoyo a las instalaciones e infraestructuras culturales y deportivas en el plano local, contando con la participación de distritos, condados y pueblos de todo el país. Permite responder a las necesidades de las zonas rurales proporcionando lugares en los que la comunidad pueda reunirse, compartir experiencias y organizar actividades culturales. Este proceso se sustenta en consultas con la población local, y hace hincapié en la participación de la comunidad en el establecimiento y funcionamiento de las instituciones e instalaciones respaldadas por el Estado.
Con el segundo componente se pretende crear las condiciones necesarias para que todo el mundo pueda participar en pie de igualdad en la vida cultural. Las actividades que se organizan, que van desde la preservación de los rasgos de la cultura tradicional hasta las actividades culturales creativas dedicadas a los jóvenes, se planifican y se llevan a cabo en un espíritu de cooperación entre el Estado y la sociedad civil y están pensadas para responder a las necesidades de las comunidades locales.
Con esta medida, Viet Nam demuestra su compromiso de apoyar el objetivo 3 de la Convención, a través de la integración de la cultura en sus políticas y planes de desarrollo nacional sostenible, el apoyo de la equidad regional en la distribución de los recursos culturales en el seno del país y el fomento de la equidad en el acceso a los recursos culturales por parte de todos los miembros de la comunidad. Además, con las casas de la cultura basadas en la comunidad y los centros comunitarios de aprendizaje destinados a la población rural que se crearon en el marco de este programa, se realizan los ODS 4 y 11, mediante la promoción de la formación técnica y profesional y de la valoración de la diversidad cultural y de la contribución de la cultura al desarrollo sostenible (metas 4.4 y 4.7). Asimismo, se logran vínculos económicos, sociales y ambientales positivos entre las zonas urbanas y rurales mediante el fortalecimiento de la planificación del desarrollo nacional y regional (meta 11.a).
- Develop a system of cultural facilities such as community-based cultural houses and community learning centers for the people in rural areas.
- Enrich the cultural life of the community by ensuring the equal accessibility and enjoyment of the people in cultural activities at the grassroots level.
The National Target Programme on New Rural Construction is a comprehensive program on socio-economic, political and national security development; in which culture is both target and means of sustainable development, especially in rural areas. With the development of the cultural infrustructure and cultural community activities, local people are able to express their culture including the preservation of traditional culture and promotion of contemporary cultural expressions, and to strengthen community solidarity.
The National Target Program for New Rural Construction consists of two main components including the support for the construction and development of cultural infrastructure and cultural activities in rural areas.
- The first component develops the system of cultural and sports facilities at the grassroots level, including districts, communes and villages. This institutional system addresses local needs in rural areas in organizing community- based cultural activities, community sports activities and provides a place the community to meet and share experience. The process of planning and developing the institutions is based on the consultancies with local people about the needs of cultural expression and enjoyment and at the same time encourages the participation of the community in the construction and operation of the institutions and cultural facilities supported by the State.
- The second component enriches cultural and spiritual life of community in rural areas by creating conditions for people to participate equally in community-based cultural and sports actitivies. These activities are planned and implemented in consultation with the community in the spirit of the State and the people working together. Community-based cultural activities range from preserving features of traditional culture, customs and traditions to the creating youth-oriented creative cultural and sports activities. Those activities should be in compliance with the socio-cultural conditions of the locals and the desires of the community members.
Make sure all the communities in the rural areas have facilities to serve cultural and creative activities of its people. Furthermore, the formation of a network of cultural facilities to the village level should get the participation of people during the process of planning, implementation and monitoring.
Capital investment for the National Target Programme on New Rural Construction consists of the State capital and social mobilization capital.
The process of developing the cultural life of the National Target Program on New Rural Construction period 2010-2020 has helped develop infrastructure network to the grassroots level. Especially, the remote communes with special difficulties have been prioritized to receive the funding support from the State for the construction and renewal of the cultural system at the commune and village level. Cultural houses at village level are assigned to the village management and use based on the actual needs of the people. Cultural activities such as the program of cultural activities in groups and community clubs and cultural exchanges between localities have also been developed with the cooperation between the State and the community.