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Garamba National Park

Garamba National Park

The park's immense savannahs, grasslands and woodlands, interspersed with gallery forests along the river banks and the swampy depressions, are home to four large mammals: the elephant, giraffe, hippopotamus and above all the white rhinoceros. Though much larger than the black rhino, it is harmless; only some 30 individuals remain.

Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Parc national de la Garamba

Comprenant d'immenses savanes, herbeuses ou boisées, entrecoupées de forêts-galeries le long des rivières et de dépressions marécageuses, le parc abrite quatre des plus grands mammifères : l'éléphant, la girafe, l'hippopotame et surtout le rhinocéros blanc, inoffensif et beaucoup plus gros que le rhinocéros noir, dont il ne subsiste qu'une trentaine d'individus.

Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

منتزه غارامبا الوطني

يتضمن هذا المنتزه سافانا شاسعة معشوشبة أو مشجرة تتخللها ممرات حرجية على طول الأنهار والمنخفضات المستنقعية، كما يشكل موطناً لأربعة من الثدييات الاكبر حجماً وهي الفيل والزرافة وفرس النهر ولا سيما وحيد القرن الأبيض غير المفترس والذي يفوق وحيد القرن الأسود ضخامة بكثير، علماً ان ما تبقى منها لا يزيد عن الثلاثين.

source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

加兰巴国家公园

公园拥有广阔的大草原、草场以及森林区域,其间星罗棋布地分布着河边狭长树林和沼泽低地。这里是四种大型哺乳动的栖息地:大象、长颈鹿、河马,以及珍稀的白犀牛。虽然白犀牛的体积比黑犀牛大得多,但不会危害人类,目前仅存约三十头。

source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Национальный парк Гарамба

Обширные редколесья, древесные и травянистые саванны расчленены протягивающимися по берегам рек галерейными лесами и болотами, занимающими низины. Они служат убежищем для самых крупных млекопитающих – слона, жирафа, бегемота и белого носорога. Белый носорог, существенно превосходящий своими размерами черного носорога, вполне безопасен. Ныне здесь осталось примерно 30 этих животных.

source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Parque Nacional de Garamba

Este sitio de 790.000 hectáreas posee una diversidad de hábitats incomparable: pantanos, estepas, planicies de lava, sabanas en laderas de volcanes y cumbres nevadas del macizo de Rwenzori, que se eleva a más de 5.000 metros de altura. Unos 20.000 hipopótamos viven en los ríos de este parque, que también sirve de refugio al gorila de montaña y ofrece lugar de invernada a numerosas aves procedentes de Siberia.

source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

ガランバ国立公園

source: NFUAJ

Nationaal park Garamba

Het Nationaal park Garamba bevindt zich in het noordoostelijke deel van de Democratische Republiek Congo, in de overgangszone van dichte tropische wouden van het Congobekken en de Guinee-Soedan savanne. Het bevat immense savannes, graslanden en bossen, afgewisseld met galerijbossen langs de rivieroevers en de moerassige gebieden. Het park vormt de habitat van ongeveer 1.000 soorten vaatplanten, waarvan ongeveer 5% inheems is. Het is ook de thuisbasis van vier grote zoogdieren: de olifant, giraffe, het nijlpaard en bovenal de witte neushoorn. Hoewel deze veel groter is dan de zwarte neushoorn, is hij ongevaarlijk. Er bestaan nog slechts 30 individuen van deze soort.

Source: unesco.nl

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Garamba National Park (Democratic Republic of the Congo) © Nuria Ortega
Outstanding Universal Value

Brief synthesis

Covering vast grass savannas and woodlands interspersed with gallery forests and marshland depressions, Garamba National Park is located in the north-eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in the transition zone between the dense tropical forests of the Congo Basin and the Guinea-Sudano savannas. It contains the last worldwide population of the northern white rhinoceros, endemic sub-species of Congolese giraffe and a mixed population of elephants, combining forest elephants, bush elephants and individuals demonstrating morphological characteristics common to the two elephant sub-species. It is also characterized by an exceptionally high level of biomass of great herbivores as a result of the vegetation productivity of the environment.  Extending over 490,000 ha and surrounded by 752,700 ha of three hunting grounds that contribute to an effective protection of the property against threats from the adjacent area, this property is an outstanding sanctuary with its unusual mix of large spectacular mammals.

Criterion (vii): Garamba National Park and its neighbouring hunting grounds offers a vast area scattered with a dense network of small permanent springs that support an exceptionally high plant productivity and herbivore biomass. This biomass translates for example in the presence of large herds of elephants at certain periods of the year, sometimes herds of more than 550 individuals, an exceptional natural phenomenon.

Criterion (x): Garamba National Park contains the four largest land mammals in the world, the elephant, the rhinoceros, the giraffe and the hippopotamus. The northern white rhinoceros population is the last surviving population of this sub-species. In addition, the sub-species of the Congolese giraffe is also endemic to the Park. Located in the transition zone between the Guinean-Congo and Guinean-Sudanese endemism centres, the Park and the nearby hunting domains contain a particularly interesting biodiversity with species typical of the two biogeographical zones. In addition to the rhinoceros and the giraffe, the purely savannicole species include the lion, the spotted hyena and numerous species of antelope. Furthermore, the species typical of the forest include the bongo, the forest hog, the chimpanzee and five species of small diurnal primates. The Park is also one of the rare places in Africa where one can observe both the African forest elephant Loxodonta africana cyclotis and the African bush elephant Loxodonta africana africana, as well as hybrid elephants presenting morphological characteristics common to both sub-species. A very large population of African buffalo also display intermediary forms between the forest buffalo Syncerus caffer nanus and the savannah buffalo Syncerus caffer aequinoctialis.

 Integrity

Garamba National Park is delineated to the east, south and west by major rivers that constitute natural and precise boundaries, recognized by all. To the north, it shares its boundaries with the Lantoto National Park in South Sudan, offering interesting possibilities of protection on the transfrontier and regional level. In a virgin landscape, no human presence or installations were indicated in the Park at the time of the nomination and the peripheral population was sparse. Garamba National Park is surrounded by three large contiguous hunting grounds, constituting an ecosystem of a sufficiently extensive area (1,242,700 ha) to support vast populations of large mammals with their local seasonal migration routes. The hunting grounds contribute towards the effective protection of the property against the threats from the surrounding zone. Their value is primordial, particularly for the seasonal movement of elephants and for the maintenance of viable populations of bush species.

Protection and management requirements

Garamba National Park has had the status of National Park since 1938 under the management authority of the Congolese Institute for Nature Conservation (ICCN). It is managed by the three administrative sectors of Nagero, Gangala na Bodio and Beredwa at the northern limit, each having buildings and road infrastructures. The establishment of a management plan is an indispensable condition in the management of the Park, given the importance of these hunting grounds for the integrity of the property, they should benefit from an integrated management with the Park.

It is essential that the integration of the local communities in the management of the Park and the peripheral hunting grounds, through a community conservation approach, be established through the participatory management of natural resources.

Surveillance is ensured by the guards through patrols in the three hunting grounds as well as in the Park, in liaison with regular aerial patrols of all these zones.  The tourism aspect has been developed and the possibility, unique in Africa, of tourism on elephant back existed; this activity could be revived once the security situation is more stable.

Partnerships with international bodies and sufficient fund-raising for an effective conservation of the property should also be reinforced, ideally including the creation of a Trust Fund.

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