All persons engaged directly in R&D, whether employed by the statistical unit or external contributors fully integrated into the statistical unit’s R&D activities, as well as those providing direct services for the R&D activities (such as R&D managers, administrators, technicians and clerical staff) during a given year expressed as a proportion of a population of one million.
R&D surveys.
Adapted from OECD (2015), Frascati Manual 2015: Guidelines for Collecting and Reporting Data on Research and Experimental Development.
Number of R&D personnel during a given year divided by the total population (using mid-year population as reference) and multiplied by 1,000,000.