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La Epifanía etíope

Inscrito en 2019 (14.COM) en la Lista Representativa del Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial de la Humanidad

© 2018, Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH), Ethiopia

En toda Etiopía se celebra con una fiesta llamativa y vistosa la Epifanía ortodoxa, que conmemora el bautismo de Cristo por San Juan Bautista en el río Jordán. Las celebraciones comienzan la víspera de la gran fiesta, el 18 de enero, que recibe el nombre de día de Ketera, esto es, de “contención de la corriente del agua” con la que se va a bendecir a los fieles al día siguiente. Al atardecer de este día de Ketera, los fieles acompañan con gran pompa ceremonial a los sacerdotes portadores de los “tabots” –réplicas del Arca de la Alianza de sus respectivas parroquias– para depositarlos junto al “timket-bahir”, es decir, el estanque, embalse artificial o curso fluvial más cercano. Los participantes pasan la noche en vela rezando y cantando durante las diferentes ceremonias religiosas y liturgias eucarísticas celebradas junto a los “tabots”. El 19 enero se celebra el día de Timket, o festividad de la Epifanía propiamente dicha, con la participación de centenares de miles de personas. Las celebraciones comienzan al amanecer con la bendición de las aguas con las que se rocía a todos los fieles presentes, y luego se ejecutan otras ceremonias. Hacia las diez de la mañana, los “tabots” regresan a sus respectivas iglesias acompañados por procesiones muy vistosas, en las que se entonan diversos cantos tradicionales y religiosos. La práctica continua de la fiesta religiosa y cultural de la Epifanía garantiza de por sí su viabilidad. Los miembros del clero ortodoxo desempeñan una función esencial en su preservación: cantan los himnos y plegarias propios de los rituales celebrados, llevan en procesión el Arca de la Alianza y predican los textos religiosos pertinentes.

During Ehtiopian Epiphany, priests wearing ecclesial vestment and holding prayer stick, rum and sistrums perform the rhythm 'Worede World Emsemayat Wuste Mitmakat' (God the Son goes to the place of paptism) in Axum, world heritage site of Ethiopia
In the afternoon of the 18th January, people escorting tabots from their respective churches to the festival site Janmeda. The your are cleaning the road where the procession is to pass by, giving their immense service for successful celebration of Timket.
In the island found in lake Zeway, the tabot (replicas of the Ark of the Covenant) of the parish chruch is accompanied with boats.
Youth singers from the churches' Sunday school praising God with Begena (Ethipian ten string harp) and those who accompany them with traditional songs and dances are at the front line of the procession during Ethiopian Epiphany.
As the tabots (Arks) arrive at Janmeda, priests carrying the tabot stand to the side of the huge tent reserved for their stay overnight. In from of them, priests wearing cloak and holding prayer stick (mekuamiya), drum and sistrums (tsenatsil).
His Holiness, Abune Matthis I, Patriarch of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, seen in the picture with the archbishops immersing the cross into water of the pool 'Timkete-Bahir' and blesses it for sprinkling upon the M'emenan -believers).
Ethiopian Epiphany can be performed by immersing a body in water where a larger pool is available to swim like that of the celebration place of Fasiledes in Gondar as Christ himself was baptized in the river Jordan.
Sunday School youth present their songs during the celebration of Ethiopian Epiphany. The performances and hymns are St. Yared's composition, the founder of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church hymn known as zema.
Youth blewing Meleket, Ethiopian trumpet, in front of the Arks during the celebration of Ethiopian Epiphany in the procession towards Janmeda.
The festival is an opportune moment whereby the traditional dances and songs of the nations and nationalities in Ethiopia are performed. This creates conducive conditions to exchange cultural and traditional values. It also promotes traditional dressing and ornamental styles.
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