Serra do Divisor National Park
BrazilBraziliian Institute of Environment and Renewalable Natural Resources (IBAMA)
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Description
Area: 843.012,28 hectares- Perimeter: 809,04 Km
Climate: hot and humid tropical, with one to two month dry season.
temp: 24°year average
pluv: 1.750 to 2.000 mm total /year
Altitude: 200-600 m.
Geomorphology: Hilly and mountainous with large alluvial plains and some low tabular plateau's. Separating the two basins of Rio Ucayali (Peru) and Jurua (Brazil), the Park shelters main sources of Jurua 's left margin affluent. It is structured in four main hill massifs (Serras da Jaquirana, do Moa, do Jurua-Mirim & do Rio Branco), separated by flat plains and valleys of the corresponding affluent of the Jurna basin.
Margins of the lower section of the Jurua and Moa rivers are regularly to permanently
!éinundated, having lots of lakes, igapo's and igarapé's. Higher up, are found some tabular well drained area's (250 m). Higher still, the landscape is mostly made of hills of up to 300 m with poorly marked valleys. The four sierra's culminate up to 600 m, with asymmetric limestone crests dividing the basins.
Vegetation
Rapid ecological assessment survey in 1991 characterised 10 forest types within the Park and record biodiversity.
Most of the area is covered by Open rainforest with palm-trees or bamboo's, Dense and Open sub-mountain rainforests, and Dense and Open alluvial rainforests (Periodically-inundated forests). All forest types show quite differentiated structure, flora and tree species dominance.
Open forest grows on poorly drained, wet or inundated soils. Palm-trees become more frequent on wetter soils. On dryer soils grow the Dense lowland rainforests (Not-flooded forests)
Open sub-mountain forests grow on the lower hillsides. Dense sub-mountain forests appear on the higher slopes. On the tops grows a " Low forest" with typical and rare sub-Andean species.
Open alluvial forests grow on river margins frequently inundated by muddy waters. Dense alluvial forests appear in less frequently inundated area's.
Fauna
Rapid Ecological Assessment allowed to count in one month: 43 big mammal species, more than 100 amphibian and 30 reptile species, 485 bird species, 6 families, 33 genres and 55 species of bats, 21 genres and 64 species of Hymenopteres, and finally: 29 spider families (in the northem sector of the park, only).
Of these, were counted 17 mammals, 4 reptiles and 20 birds considered to be threatened or rare species. Two new bird species were discovered.
Local Population
1.200 families of traditional Amazonian population live within or just at the margin of the parKs limits, most of which collecting rubber since various generations. Low rubber prices induced these populations to start new and unsustainable activities, like cow ranching, timber cutting, commercial hunting and fishing and animal capturing, as well as fossils and stones trade. These activities are still incipient.
It is planned to remove most of the population towards other, more favourable area's. Remaining population, having deep knowledge of the area, may be involved in the Park's surveillance, maintenance and tourism activities.
Access and infrastructure
Main access is by boat, on the Moa or Jurua rivers, from the City of Cruzeiro do Sul. It has no tourism infrastructure.