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Singapore Botanic Gardens

Singapore Botanic Gardens

Situated at the heart of the city of Singapore, the site demonstrates the evolution of a British tropical colonial botanic garden that has become a modern world-class scientific institution used for both conservation and education. The cultural landscape includes a rich variety of historic features, plantings and buildings that demonstrate the development of the garden since its creation in 1859. It has been an important centre for science, research and plant conservation, notably in connection with the cultivation of rubber plantations, in Southeast Asia since 1875.

Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Jardins botaniques de Singapour

Ce jardin botanique, qui se trouve au cœur de la ville de Singapour, montre l’évolution d’un jardin botanique tropical britannique à caractère colonial, en un jardin botanique moderne de premier ordre, une institution scientifique et un lieu de conservation et d’éducation. Ce paysage culturel comprend une grande variété d’éléments paysagers, de plantations et d’édifices historiques, qui témoignent des transformations du lieu depuis sa création en 1859. Depuis 1875, il est un centre important pour la science, la recherche et la conservation des végétaux en Asie du Sud-Est, notamment en ce qui concerne la culture de l’hévéa.

Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

حديقة سنغافورة النباتية
تقع هذه الحديقة النباتية وسط مدينة سنغافورة وتقف شاهدةً على تحوّل حديقة نباتية مدارية بريطانية ذات طابع استعماري إلى حديقة نباتية عصرية بامتياز، ومؤسسة علمية وموقع لصون النباتات والتثقيف بشأنها. ويشمل هذا الموقع الثقافي مجموعة واسعة من المناظر الطبيعية والنباتات والمنشآت التاريخية التي تشهد على التحولات التي عرفها المكان منذ إنشائه في عام 1859. ويُعتبر الموقع منذ عام 1875 مركزاً مهماً للعلوم والبحوث ولصون نباتات جنوب شرق آسيا، ولا سيما شجرة المطاط.

source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

新加坡植物园
这座植物园位于新加坡市中心,它展示了一座英国殖民时期热带植物园演变出的一个致力于保护和教育的世界级现代化科研机构。这里的风貌包括种类繁多的历史遗迹,以及展示这座植物园自1859年建园以来发展历程的植物和建筑。自1875年以来,这里已成为东南亚地区植物保护和科学研究的重要基地,尤其是关于橡胶种植方面的保护和研究。

source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Ботанический сад Сингапура
Объект, расположенный в центре города Сингапур, является ярким примером преобразования первоначально колониального тропического ботанического сада в первоклассный современный ботанический сад, совмещающий в себе научно-исследовательскую лабораторию, центр сохранения природной среды и  образовательное учреждение. Культурная ценность объекта определяется наличием на его территории разнообразных элементов ландшафта, широкого спектра зелёных насаждений и многих построек исторического значения, свидетельствующих о развитии сада с момента его создания в 1859 году. Начиная с 1875 года сад является важным научно-исследовательским центром и содействует сохранению характерных видов растений  Юго-Восточной Азии, в частности, гевеи (каучукового дерева).

source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Jardín botánico de Singapur
Situado en el centro de la ciudad de Singapur, este sitio cultural es un exponente de la evolución experimentada por un jardín botánico tropical de tiempos de la colonia británica hasta convertirse en la actual institución científica de primer orden, que cumple las funciones de centro de conservación, investigación y educación. La gran variedad de sus elementos paisajísticos, plantaciones y edificios históricos atestigua las transformaciones acaecidas en él desde su fundación en 1859. Su importancia como centro científico para la investigación y conservación de las especies vegetales del Asia Sudoriental, y en especial del cultivo de la hevea, se remonta al año 1875.

source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

シンガポール植物園
シンガポール市の中心部に1859年に設立された植物園は、イギリス植民地に作られた熱帯植物園の顕著な例。開園以後、娯楽の場、研究の場としての役割を果たしながら、世界水準の植物園へと発展してきた。英国のキュー植物園から提供された苗木を東南アジア一帯に分配する役目を担ったほか、20世紀のゴム栽培の拡大にも大きく貢献した。東南アジアにおける植物研究の中心であり、熱帯地方における植物学や園芸学の知識・専門技術の交換に主要な役割を果たし続けている。

source: NFUAJ

Botanische tuinen van Singapore

In het hart van de stad Singapore, ligt een botanische tuin die de ontwikkeling laat zien van een Britse tropische tuin naar een modern wetenschappelijk instituut van wereldklasse, dat zich zowel voor behoud als voor educatie inzet. Het cultuurlandschap bevat een grote variatie aan historische kenmerken, aanplant en gebouwen die de ontwikkeling van de tuin laten zien sinds zijn oprichting in 1859. Het is sinds 1875 een belangrijk centrum voor wetenschap, onderzoek en het behoud van plantensoorten, met name in verband met de rubberteelt in Zuidoost Azië.

Source: unesco.nl

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The Bandstand © Singapore Botanic Gardens
Outstanding Universal Value

Brief synthesis

The Singapore Botanic Gardens is situated at the heart of the city of Singapore and demonstrates the evolution of a British tropical colonial botanic garden from a ‘Pleasure Garden’ in the English Landscape Style, to a colonial Economic Garden with facilities for horticultural and botanical research, to a modern and world-class botanic garden, scientific institution and place of conservation, recreation and education. The Singapore Botanic Gardens is a well-defined cultural landscape which includes a rich variety of historic landscape features, plantings and buildings that clearly demonstrate the evolution of the Botanic Gardens since its establishment in 1859. Through its well-preserved landscape design and continuity of purpose, the Singapore Botanic Gardens is an outstanding example of a British tropical botanic garden which has also played a key role in advances in scientific knowledge, particularly in the fields of tropical botany and horticulture, including the development of plantation rubber.

Criterion (ii): The Singapore Botanic Gardens has been a centre for plant research in Southeast Asia since the 19th century, contributing significantly to the expansion of plantation rubber in the 20th century, and continues to play a leading role in the exchange of ideas, knowledge and expertise in tropical botany and horticultural sciences. While the Kew Botanic Gardens (United Kingdom) provided the initial seedlings, the Singapore Botanic Gardens provided the conditions for their planting, development and distribution throughout much of Southeast Asia and elsewhere.

Criterion (iv): The Singapore Botanic Gardens is an outstanding example of a British tropical colonial botanic garden, and is notable for its preserved landscape design and continuity of purpose since its inception.

Integrity

The Singapore Botanic Gardens contains all the attributes necessary to express its Outstanding Universal Value and fully contains the original lay-out of the Botanic Gardens. A number of specific attributes including historic trees and plantings, garden design, and historic buildings/structures combine to illustrate the significant purposes of the Singapore Botanic Gardens over its history. The integrity of the property could be further strengthened by developing additional policies directed at the replacement and retention of significant plants.

Authenticity

The authenticity of the Singapore Botanic Gardens is demonstrated by the continued use as a botanic garden and as a place of scientific research. The authenticity of material remains in the property is illustrated by the well-researched historic trees and other plantings (including historic plant specimens), historic elements of the designed spatial lay-out, and the historic buildings/structures which are being used for their original purposes or adapted to new uses that are compatible with their values.

Protection and management requirements

Most of the Singapore Botanic Gardens is in a National Park, and the other designations include: Conservation Area, Tree Conservation Area and Nature Area (applied to the rainforest area). There are 44 heritage trees within the property, and a number of protected buildings/structures such as houses 1 to 5 of the former Raffles College, Raffles Hall, E.J.H. Corner House, Burkill Hall, Holttum Hall, Ridley Hall, House 6, Garage, Bandstand and Swan Lake Gazebo.

The Singapore Botanic Gardens is protected primarily through the Planning Act of Singapore, which regulates conservation and development and requires permits to be obtained for new development or works. The Singapore Concept Plan guides strategic planning over a 40-50 year period and land use planning in Singapore is carried out by URA, the national land use planning and conservation authority. Land use, zoning and development policies for Singapore are established by a statutory Master Plan (2014) prepared under the Planning Act. The Master Plan is regularly reviewed and there are provisions for specific development control plans that provide guidance on the height and location of new developments as well as conservation principles for conserved buildings and their setting.

Land within the buffer zone is designated as ‘Landed Housing Areas’ (including ‘Good Class Bungalow Areas’) with guidelines on the height and building form of residential developments. Under these guidelines, developments within the proposed buffer zone should generally maintain low-rise and low density, although this could be strengthened by ensuring that the ‘Landed Housing Zone’ is applied to the entire buffer zone.

A Management Plan has been prepared for Singapore Botanic Gardens with the primary aim of ensuring effective protection, conservation, presentation and transmission of the attributes of the site’s Outstanding Universal Value. The Plan provides the over-arching framework for management of the property.