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Medina of Tétouan (formerly known as Titawin)

Medina of Tétouan (formerly known as Titawin)

Tétouan was of particular importance in the Islamic period, from the 8th century onwards, since it served as the main point of contact between Morocco and Andalusia. After the Reconquest, the town was rebuilt by Andalusian refugees who had been expelled by the Spanish. This is well illustrated by its art and architecture, which reveal clear Andalusian influence. Although one of the smallest of the Moroccan medinas, Tétouan is unquestionably the most complete and it has been largely untouched by subsequent outside influences.

Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Médina de Tétouan (ancienne Titawin)

Tétouan a eu une importance particulière durant la période islamique, à partir du VIIIe siècle, comme principal point de jonction entre le Maroc et l'Andalousie. Après la Reconquête, la ville a été reconstruite par des réfugiés revenus dans cette région après avoir été chassés par les Espagnols. Cela est visible dans l'architecture et l'art qui témoignent de fortes influences andalouses. C'est l'une des plus petites médinas marocaines, mais sans aucun doute la plus complète, dont, ultérieurement, la majorité des bâtiments sont restés à l'écart des influences extérieures.

Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

مدينة تطوان (قديمًا تيطاوين)

أُعطيت تطوان أهميةً خاصةً في خلال الحقبة الاسلاميّة ابتداءً من القرن الثامن بصفتها صلة وصل مهمة بين المغرب والاندلس. ثم بعد استعادتها مجددًا، أعاد اللاجئون العائدون إلى المنطقة بناءها بعد ان طردهم الاسبان، ممّا كان جليًّا في الهندسة المعماريّة والفن اللّذَيْن يشهدان على التأثيرات الاندلسية الواضحة. تُعتبر تطوان من أصغر المدن المغربية، ولكن، من دون شك، هي الأكثر كمالاً حيث معظم الابنية بقيت بعيدةً عن التأثيرات الخارجية.

source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

缔头万城

在公元8世纪开始的伊斯兰时期,缔头万城是一座具有特别意义的城市,因为它是连接摩洛哥和安大路西亚的主要通道。在经过西班牙的再次征服之后,这个城市由遭到西班牙人流放的安大路西亚难民重建,该城的建筑和艺术风格都非常有特点,深受安大路西亚的影响。缔头万城虽然是摩洛哥最小的阿拉伯人聚居区之一,但无疑也是最完整而且没有受到后期外部影响的城市。

source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Медина (старая часть) города Тетуан

Тетуан имел особое значение в эпоху распространения ислама, т.е. с начала VIII в., так как являлся важным связующим звеном между Марокко и Андалусией. После разрушения в ходе испанской реконкисты он был восстановлен маврами – беженцами из Андалусии, изгнанными испанцами. Это хорошо видно в искусстве и архитектуре города, в которых явно прослеживается андалусское влияние. Хотя медина Тетуана одна из самых небольших в Марокко, она, несомненно, наиболее целостная, не подвергавшаяся разрушениям и иным внешним воздействиям.

source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Medina de Tetuán (Antigua Titawin)

Tetuán tuvo una importancia particular en la época islámica, a partir del siglo VIII, como punto de contacto principal entre Marruecos y Andalucía. Después de la Reconquista de la Península Ibérica, la ciudad fue reconstruida por musulmanes andaluces expulsados por los españoles. De ahí que sus obras arquitectónicas y artísticas dejen traslucir una honda influencia andaluza. Pese a ser una de las más pequeñas de Marruecos, su medina es indudablemente la más completa y la que ha quedado más a salvo de influencias externas.

source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

テトゥアン旧市街(旧名ティタウィン)
テトゥアンは8世紀以後のイスラム時代に、モロッコとイベリアとの間の中継地として重要な役割を果たした。イベリアにおける国土回復運動の後、避難民がこの町を再建した。この事情はアンダルシアの影響の強い建造物や絵画によく描かれている。以後の時代の外部からの影響をほとんど受けていない点で独自の存在である。

source: NFUAJ

Medina van Tétouan (voorheen bekend als Titawin)

Tétouan was vanaf de 8e eeuw bijzonder belangrijk in de islamitische periode omdat het diende als de belangrijkste verbinding tussen Marokko en Andalusië. Na de Herovering werd de stad herbouwd door Andalusische vluchtelingen die door de Spanjaarden waren verdreven. Dit wordt goed geïllustreerd door de kunst en architectuur, die duidelijk Andalusische invloeden laten zien. Hoewel Tétouan een van de kleinste Marokkaanse medina's heeft, is de stad het meest compleet en het minst aangetast door latere invloeden van buitenaf. De medina van Tétouan is omringd door een historische muur van ongeveer vijf kilometer lang en toegankelijk via zeven poorten.

Source: unesco.nl

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Jbel Dersa © Anassbarnichou2
Outstanding Universal Value

Brief synthesis

The Medina of Tétouan developed on the steep slopes of the Jebel Dersa. In the Islamic period it had particular importance from the 8th century onwards since it served as the point of connection between Morocco and Andalusia. After the Reconquest, the town was rebuilt by refugees in this region who had been expelled by the Spanish.  This is well illustrated by its art and architecture which reveal clear Andalusian influence. It is one of the smallest of the Moroccan medinas but indisputably the most complete and the majority of its buildings have remained untouched by subsequent outside influences.

The Medina of Tétouan is surrounded by a historic wall of approximately 5 km in length and accessed by means of seven gates. The urban layout is characterised by main streets linking the gates to one another and giving access to open spaces (squares and smaller squares) and public buildings such as funduqs, mosques, zawayas and to the artisan and commercial districts, and on the other hand to smaller lanes leading to passages and semi-private residential areas. A true synthesis of Moroccan and Andalusian cultures, the historic town of Tétouan presents urban and architectural features that have influenced the architectural and artistic development during the period of the Spanish Protectorate. The town of Tétouan is famous for its school of arts and crafts (Dar Sanaa) and its National Institute of Fine Arts which testify to an ancestral tradition and an opening onto the world today.

Criterion (ii): The Medina of Tétouan bears witness to the considerable influences of Andalusian civilization towards the end of the medieval period of Muslim Occident. This influence is illustrated in developments in architecture, monumental arts and town-planning.

Criterion (iv): The Medina of Tétouan constitutes an outstanding example of a fortified Mediterranean coastal town, built against a North Moroccan mountain landscape. It testifies to the antiquity of the settlement, and during the Islamic period it gained considerable importance as the only connection between the Iberian Peninsula and the interior of Morocco. Its expansion from the beginning of the 17th century continued until the end of the 18th century and is reflected in its fortifications, architecture, synthesis of Moroccan and Andalusian cultures and its urban fabric.

Criterion (v): The strategic position of the Medina of Tétouan opposite the Straits of Gibraltar played an important role as the point of contact and of transition between two civilizations (Spanish and Arab) and two continents (Europe and North Africa).

Integrity (2009)

The boundaries of the property include all the attributes that are necessary to express its Outstanding Universal Value.  Some of the attributes require conservation measures and priority as concerns conservation work is given to the ramparts, gates and to the borjs (fortified watch towers). The municipality cooperates with the Government of Andalusia (Spain) in carrying out rehabilitation work in the centre of the Medina.

Authenticity (2009)

The authenticity of the Medina is illustrated by its original urban layout practically intact and its initial design with surrounding wall, gates, and fortified constructions. Their construction dates back to the 18th century and still conserves their configuration and original materials.  The Medina possesses an original urban fabric characterised by the hierarchy of streets and division of residential, commercial and artisan areas following a clearly defined plan. In general, the built heritage such as the zawayas,  fountains, hammams, ovens, and historic silos, have retained their authenticity, be it in their shape, their construction materials or their decoration or even for some, their function. The majority of houses have remained intact, even although some floors have been illegally added and interior separations have been installed.

Protection and management requirements (2009)

Protection measures are essentially regulated by the different laws for the listing of historic monuments and sites, in particular Law 22-80 (1981) concerning the conservation of Moroccan heritage. The services concerned and the local authorities and associations demonstrate a strong will and conviction in favour of preserving and conserving the property. The municipality, the town-planning services, local authorities and the Ministry for Culture are all responsible for the management and conservation of the property. Being legally responsible for the conservation of cultural heritage in general, the Ministry for Culture orients and assists the different services in their actions for the preservation and conservation of the Medina. The methods and priorities for this conservation are determined by the recommendations and directives taken in the framework of the study of the master plan of the town of Tétouan. The regional and local development plans concerning the Medina are summarised in the Master Plan for Tétouan, developed by the Ministry of Housing and Planning in 1982, giving high priority to the conservation and rehabilitation of the Medina. The Development Plan for the North-West Region prepared by the Regional Directorate for Town-Planning, Architecture and Planning in February 1996, has as its objectives, the obligation to conserve and rehabilitate the medinas. The creation, since the end of 2006, of Regional Directorates for Culture, reinforces the incorporation of a conservation policy into local development. The Development Plan for the Medina of Tétouan includes provisions for conservation and management and takes into account the universal value of the site.