(1) The number of bearers and the frequency of relevant practice are increased: the number of representative bearers identified during the reporting period is nine and about 260 people are directly involved in the relevant practice. Compared with the situation before 2010, the number of confirmed representative bearers has increased by seven and the number of people directly involved in the relevant practice has increased by thirteen. Meanwhile, a number of training centers and relevant organizations have been established to ensure the frequency of practice of the element, including the Watertight-bulkhead Technology of Chinese Junks Training and Practice Center of Jinjiang Vocational School, the Jinjiang Fangcai Watertight-bulkhead Technology of Chinese Junks Training and Practice Center, Ningde Jiaocheng Watertight-bulkhead Chinese Junks Research Center, Ningde Zhangwan Watertight-bulkhead Chinese Junks Production Base, Zhangwan Watertight-bulkhead Chinese Junks Exhibition Center, and the Zhangwan Watertight-bulkhead Chinese Junks Training and Practice Center for middle and primary schools.
(2) The viability and visibility of the element are improved: during the reporting period, a total of 60 watertight-bulkhead Chinese Junks and 30 models of Chinese Junks have been built. Some of them have been collected and exhibited in China Museum for Fujian-Taiwan Kinship, Jinjiang Intangible Cultural Heritage Museum, Shenhu Ship Model Museum, Ningde Art Center, Intangible Cultural Heritage Hall in Cultural Center of Jiaocheng District, and Zhangwan Watertight-bulkhead Chinese Junks Exhibition Center. Tens of thousands of people have learned about the watertight-bulkhead technology of Chinese Junks through these exhibitions. The website of Ningde Jiaocheng Watertight-bulkhead Chinese Junks has been launched. “Night of Chinese Junks” party was organized at Zhangwan Cultural Center on February 7, 2014 to promote the culture of Chinese Junks.
(3) Documentation has been started: 500 electronic pictures, 130 Gigabyte videos, 200 Megabyte written materials, and 50 pieces of design manuscripts and historical materials have been collected.
(4) Legislation guarantee has been provided for safeguarding the element: several laws and regulations have been put into effect to provide legislation guarantee for safeguarding the element, including Regulation on Safeguarding Ethnic and Folk Culture in Fujian Province, Interim Measures on Safeguarding and Management of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Jiaocheng District of Ningde City, and Suggestions on Cultural Development and Protection of Jinjiang City (Trial).

—Activities for Safeguarding Bearers and the Transmission Modes
(1) Governments at all levels provided a certain funds to support the activities of bearers, which was combined with policy support in terms of the use of venues, taxation, loans, administrative approval, and so on. Two ceremonies were organized for representative bearers to take on apprentices. On one hand, it increased the visibility of the element in the public and raised the awareness of cultural identity and safeguarding among relevant communities; on the other hand, it ignited the passion of young people in participating in the transmission of the technology and created favorable conditions for them to combine the career development with the safeguarding of the element.
(2) The traditional watertight-bulkhead technology of Chinese junks was recorded with modern technology in the forms of audio, video, image, and text digital files to keep track of every link of Chinese junk building in a scientific way. Census of bearers in relevant communities was taken to establish the personal file of bearers, straighten out the transmission system within families, and command their geographical distribution. In addition, representative and typical models of Chinese junks and raw materials for building Chinese junks were collected and preserved to ensure the sustainable development of the element.
(3) Two practice and transmission centers were established in Jinjiang, including the one in Jinjiang Vocational School, and three were established in Ningde Zhangwan middle and primary schools and relevant communities for bearers to train reserve talents. At present, there are over 50 registered apprentices. In May 2012, Ningde Jiaocheng Watertight-bulkhead Chinese Junks Research Center was founded. It has invited experts and scholars to attend three seminars and meetings.
—Activities for Improving Social Visibility and Public Awareness of Safeguarding
(1) Publicity activities were organized through establishing museums, publishing of commemorative stamp albums, and on-site demonstration, and so on, to increase the popularity of the watertight-bulkhead technology of Chinese junks among the public. At present, the Zhangwan Watertight-bulkhead Chinese Junks Exhibition Center of 500 square meters has been built and open to the public for free to exhibit the collected pictures, models, traditional tools, production process, etc.
(2) Mass media were adopted for the publicity efforts to introduce the basic concept of intangible cultural heritage and the historical and cultural connotation of the watertight-bulkhead technology of Chinese junks. More than 20 pieces of thematic news and 6 documentaries on the element have been broadcast on CCTV, Fujian TV, Quanzhou TV, Jinjiang TV, Ningde TV, and other mass media, which were warmly welcomed by the public.
(3) Extracurricular textbooks, like Concise Manual for Making Watertight-bulkhead Chinese Junks Models, have been compiled as supplements to the classroom teaching in primary and middle schools to promote relevant knowledge of the watertight-bulkhead technology of Chinese junks among students; work manuals, like Essentials of the watertight-bulkhead Technology of Chinese Junks, have been printed for the regular training sessions focusing on teaching young people traditional craftsmanship of Chinese junks in such vocational schools as Jinjiang Vocational School to expand the scope for selection of reserve talents.
—Problems to be Solved
(1) Serious aging problem of bearers and practitioners has made it a difficulty to realize intergenerational transmission in the safeguarding efforts. Relevant bearers are generally of little education. It takes a long time for apprentices to learn the technology but the income is meager, so young people show little interest in participating in the safeguarding of the element. Currently exploration has been made through combining the safeguarding work with vocational education to expand the scope for selection of reserve talents. However, it could not solve the problem in the intergenerational transmission of the element fundamentally based on the investment of funds and safeguarding mode. Besides, although the number of young people who are willing to learn the shipbuilding technology is increasing in Zhangwan and other places, the older generation of bearers is reluctant to take apprentices due to their low income. How to take effective measures to stabilize the team of bearers and optimize their age structure will be the core issue for solving the problem in intergenerational transmission.
(2) Imbalance of the investment is reflected in insufficient funds for the safeguarding of bearers. This is associated with the endangered situation of the element currently. A number of infrastructures including practice and transmission centers, and exhibition centers, have been constructed in the report period to provide opportunities of practical operation for bearers in relevant communities and ensure the frequency of practice and number of participants of the element. By providing venues and creating opportunities for bearers to practice the technology, this move is of great significance for stabilizing the existing team of bearers and expanding the scope for the selection of reserve talents. More financial aids should be provided for bearers in the future to ensure the vitality of the element.
(3) The sustainable development of the element is restrained by such external elements as fierce market competition and policy changes. For instance, under the impact of the trend to “build larger steel ship” in the shipbuilding industry, the lack of raw materials, and the surging costs, the safeguarding of the element has been hampered and the frequency of related practice has been lowered.
(4) The watertight-bulkhead technology of Chinese junks is a folk technology and most bearers are of poor educational background without any certificate, so it is difficult for them to gain the recognition of the public. At present, there is still a lack of relevant rules and regulations for more effective integration of the technology into modern market economy to improve its vitality through expanding the range of its application.

(1) Fujian Jinjiang Vocational School holds training sessions on the watertight-bulkhead technology of Chinese junks throughout the year to preliminarily usher the training of young talents into a systematic stage.
(2) Ningde Jiaocheng Watertight-bulkhead Chinese Junks Research Center and Jinjiang Fangcai Watertight-bulkhead Technology of Chinese Junks Training Center are mainly responsible for the transmission of the watertight-bulkhead technology of Chinese junks, carrying out investigations, researches, and academic activities, as well as establishing archives of the information collected.
(3) There are 46 employees working regularly in Ningde Zhangwan Shipyard and over 30 among them are of more than 20 years of experience in building wooden ships. The shipyard is mainly responsible for implementing safeguarding activities relevant to the watertight-bulkhead technology of Chinese junks.
(4) Under the leadership of Liu Xixiu, a representative bearer, Ningde Zhangwan Liu Xixiu workshop mainly carries out the building of Chinese junks and models. Meanwhile, the workshop organizes some teaching activities and has cultivated five young bearers.
(5) Exhibitions on making of model ships and ceremonies held when bearers are taking apprentices are organized in Zhangjiang Community, Zhangwan Village, and Haiying village in Zhangwan Town. The efforts can increase the social recognition and attention to the relevant communities, groups, and individuals and strengthen the culture identity and enthusiasm for the safeguarding of the element within the communities.
(6) Under the support of local governments, bearers in Jinjiang City and Ningde City participated in academic activities of relevant projects in the country. These activities for exchange of skills provide a chance for more people to learn about the element and deepen the participation of bearers in the safeguarding activities.

—Government Sources:
2010-2011: compilation of Concise Manual for Making Watertight-bulkhead Chinese Junks Models (150,000 RMB)
2010-2011: financial aid for representative bearers (100,000 RMB)
2011-2014: procurement of equipment for establishing archive and database (200,000 RMB)
2011-2014: organization of ceremony for bearers of the watertight-bulkhead technology of Chinese junks to take apprentices (50,000 RMB)
2012: shooting and making the CD Manual Production of Chinese Junks (150,000 RMB)
2012-2014: organization of academic exchange activities on the watertight-bulkhead technology of Chinese junks (200,000 RMB)
2012-2014: collection of information and pictures of Watertight-bulkhead Chinese Junks (200,000 RMB)
2013-2014: production of outdoor advertising and registration of the website (200,000 RMB)
January 2013: Rents for the Shenhu Watertight-bulkhead Technology of Chinese Junks Training Center (200,000 RMB)
April 2013: Organization of relevant personnel to participate in the training courses on the safeguarding of elements inscribed on the Urgent Safeguarding List held in Guangzhou (5,000 RMB)
December 2013: Organization of relevant personnel to participate in the training courses on the safeguarding of elements inscribed on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists held in Guilin (1,000 RMB)
2014: organization of “Night of Chinese Junks” Party (100,000 RMB)
January 2014: making of the watertight-bulkhead technology of Chinese junks stamp album for publicity (60,000 RMB)
January 2014: Procurement of the equipment for transmission of the Watertight-bulkhead Technology of Chinese Junks (110,000 RMB)
January 2014: collection of “Feng Wang”, a Watertight-bulkhead Chinese Junks Model (30,000 RMB)
March 2014: collection of “Da Pai”, a Watertight-bulkhead Chinese Junks Model (13,000 RMB)
March 2014: collection of “Gan Zeng”, a Watertight-bulkhead Chinese Junks Model (26,000 RMB)
April 2014: costs for training of the watertight-bulkhead technology of Chinese junks in the training session of Jinjing Vocational School (40,000 RMB)
May 2014: procurement of equipment for data collection and field survey of the watertight-bulkhead technology of Chinese junks (26,000 RMB)
September 2014: collection of seven cross-section models of “Gan Zeng”, the Watertight-bulkhead Chinese Junks Model (90,000 RMB)
September 2014: collection of the Model of “Fu Yuan”, a cargo Watertight-bulkhead Chinese Junks in late Qing Dynasty (36,000 RMB)
October 2014: organization of the exhibition on models of the watertight-bulkhead technology of Chinese junks (89,000 RMB)
2014-2015: construction of Jinjiang Fangcai Watertight-bulkhead Technology of Chinese Junks Training and Practice Center (600,000 RMB)
2014-2015: annual financial aid for bearers (26,000 RMB)
January 2015: organization of bearers and members to visit Cen’s Wooden Ship Production Company and China Maritime Museum (80,000 RMB)
January 2015: decoration of the Jiaocheng Watertight-bulkhead Technology of Chinese Junks Training and Practice Center (80,000 RMB)
August to December 2015: decoration of the Watertight-bulkhead Technology of Chinese Junks Exhibition Center (800,000 RMB)
August to December 2015: organization of academic exchange activities (300,000 RMB, covering the costs for 5 people participating in the exchange activities in Wuhan University of Technology, inviting 5 experts, participating in “Bearers of Chinese Culture” program of CCTV)
—Comprehensive Sources:
2011-2013: building of Chinese Junks models and shooting the CD Chinese Junks Models (280,000 RMB, government investment, the raw materials were provided by the shipyard)
2011-2014: establishment of training centers and organization of training sessions for the transmission of the technology (200,000 RMB, government investment, the venues were provided by Zhangwan middle and primary schools, the tools and raw materials were provided by relevant groups and individuals)
2012: Founding of Ningde Jiaocheng Watertight-bulkhead Chinese Junks Research Center （150,000 RMB, covering 100,000 RMB government investment and 50,000 RMB raised by the members of the center)
2012-2014: organization of education and publicity activities like Bringing ICH into Schools and Communities (300,000 RMB, government investment, the venues and human resources were provided by schools and communities, bearers participated in the activities)
2013-2014: construction of Watertight-bulkhead Chinese Junks Exhibition Center (government investment 3,000,000 RMB and 2,000,000 RMB raised by communities and groups)
2012-2014: shooting of Documentary on Chinese Junks and making CD of Process of the Technology to Apply for Provincial-level Bearer (200,000 RMB, government investment, venues and human resources were provided by the communities and bearers)
2013: construction of Shipbuilding Base for Watertight-bulkhead Chinese Junks (government investment 200,000 RMB and community investment 100,000 RMB)
December 2015: preparation for building a large Chinese Junk with the ancient style. The junk, 45 meters long and 12 meters wide, will be designed by Wuhan University of Technology and constructed by representative bearers (500,000 RMB raised from the society)

(1) Activities for rescuing records and digital preservation have been fully implemented and fruitful achievements have been made in filing. A large amount of fundamental audio, video, image, and text information has been collected and processed, especially the scientific record of culture element, technical process, technical feature, and tools in close relation to the core technology, providing original basis for the recovery of traditional craftsmanship.
(2) Ningde Jiaocheng Watertight-bulkhead Chinese Junks Research Center was founded. The funds from different channels including government investment and donation from communities and individuals are effectively managed under the supervision of different subjects of responsibility. The high efficiency in using the funds to a certain extent saves the social resources.
(3) Although Chinese junks are no longer in use in many regions, its craftsmanship is still transmitted. The building of models of Chinese junk is an effective way for improving the viability and the practice frequency of the element. Because the raw materials for building models of Chinese junk are very expensive and the comparatively complex procedure of traditional technology requires substantial investment of human power and material resources, it accounts for a large share of the safeguarding funds. At the current stage, building models of Chinese junk is still of great importance. Nevertheless, the contradiction between high investment and low output could still not be solved before further development of new materials and tools. In addition, the completed models of Chinese junks should be displayed together, which also increased the investment in infrastructure construction.
(4) The visibility of the element is significantly improved. Attracting more attention of the society, bearers are enjoying a higher social status. Meanwhile, the public is showing greater enthusiasm to the safeguarding activities. The establishment of the practice and transmission centers not only improves the frequency of the traditional practice, but also brings extra income to representative bearers to improve their living conditions. Nevertheless, compared with the investment in infrastructure, the financial aid for bearers is still insufficient and the results are not satisfactory. Therefore, although the number of bearers has increased, it is far from enough to change the endangered situation of the element.
(5) The popularity of the element in the public is improved through publicity activities and innovative ways to combine it with quality education and vocational education. The element is introduced to communities and schools. The limited funds are used for compiling textbooks, publishing monographs, and making publicity films and documentaries to improve the public awareness of the importance of the safeguarding efforts and create good social atmosphere for effective safeguarding and transmission.
(6) Academic research on the element is strengthened to provide intellectual support for scientific protection. Objectively, it is also conducive to higher efficiency in the use of resources. Meanwhile, the in-depth participation in academic exchange and research activities can improve their understanding on the element and fully mobilize communities and individuals in the safeguarding activities.