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Episcopal City of Albi

Episcopal City of Albi

On the banks of the Tarn river in south-west France, the old city of Albi reflects the culmination of a medieval architectural and urban ensemble. Today the Old Bridge (Pont-Vieux), the Saint-Salvi quarter and its church are testimony to its initial development (10th -11th centuries). Following the Albigensian Crusade against the Cathar heretics (13th century) it became a powerful episcopal city. Built in a unique southern French Gothic style from local brick in characteristic red and orange colours, the lofty fortified Cathedral (late 13th century) dominates the city, demonstrating the power regained by the Roman Catholic clergy. Alongside the Cathedral is the vast bishop’s Palais de la Berbie, overlooking the river and surrounded by residential quarters that date back to the Middle Ages. The Episcopal City of Albi forms a coherent and homogeneous ensemble of monuments and quarters that has remained largely unchanged over the centuries.

Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Cité épiscopale d'Albi

Située en bordure du Tarn, la vieille ville d'Albi, dans le sud-ouest de la France, reflète l'épanouissement d'un ensemble architectural et urbain médiéval dont témoignent aujourd'hui encore Le Pont-Vieux, le bourg de Saint-Salvi et son église (10e-11e siècle). Au 13e siècle, la ville devint une puissante cité épiscopale au lendemain de la croisade des Albigeois contre les Cathares. D'un style gothique méridional original à base de briques aux tons rouge et orangé fabriquées localement, la cathédrale fortifiée qui domine la ville (XIIIe siècle) illustre la puissance retrouvée du clergé romain. Elle est complétée par le vaste palais épiscopal de la Berbie qui surplombe la rivière et est cernée par des quartiers d'habitations datant du Moyen Age. La cité épiscopale d'Albi forme un ensemble de monuments et de quartiers cohérent et homogène qui n'a pas subi de changements majeurs au fil des siècles.

Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

الحاضرة الأسقفية في مدينة ألبي

تعكس مدينة ألبي القديمة، الواقعة في جنوب غرب فرنسا، على طول نهر "تارن"، ازدهار مجموعة معمارية وحضرية من العصر الوسيط يشهد عليها حتى الآن "الجسر القديم"، وبلدة سان ـ سالفي وكنيستها (القرن العاشرـ القرن الحادي عشر). وفي القرن الثالث عشر، صارت المدينة حاضرة أسقفية قوية بعد انتهاء الحملة ضد الألبيين. أما الكاتدرائية المحصنة ذات الطراز القوطي الجنوبي الأصلي المؤلف من طوب أحمر وبرتقالي مصنوع محلياً، والتي تطل على المدينة (القرن الثالث عشر)، فإنها تمثل النفوذ الذي استرده القساوسة الرومانيون. واستكملت هذه الكاتدرائية بالقصر الأسقفي الضخم "بيربي" الذي يشرف على النهر وتحيط به أحياء سكانية يرقى تاريخها إلى العصر الوسيط. وتشك الحاضرة الأسقفية في مدينة ألبي مجموعة منسقة ومتجانسة من الآثار والأحياء لم يطرأ عليها أية تغييرات كبيرة على مر القرون.

source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

阿尔比市的主教旧城

法国西南部塔恩河畔的阿尔比旧城,通过城中至今保存完好的旧桥、圣萨尔维堡以及堡中的教堂(十到十一世纪),为人们展示了中世纪在建筑和城市方面的发展。 13世纪,阿尔比十字军(Albigensian Crusade)镇压了卡特里派教会后,阿尔比市在一夜之间成为一座势力强大的主教派城市。阿尔比大教堂由本地生产的红砖与黄砖垒砌而成,具有独特的法国南方哥特式建筑风格,并带有防御工事,表现出罗马教会在重新占据主导地位后所拥有的强大势力。中世纪以来建立的居民区环绕着一座宏伟的主教宫殿——贝尔比宫(Palais de la Berbie),它俯瞰着塔恩河,并与大教堂相得益彰。标志性的古迹与几百年来依然保持原有的风貌街区构成了风格一致的阿尔比主教城。

source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Епископский город Альби

Расположенный на берегу реки Тарн, старинный город Альби на юго-западе Франции сохранил следы его развития как архитектурного и городского средневекового комплекса. Свидетельствами этого являются Старый мост, район Сан-Сальви и его церковь (десятый-одиннадцатый век). В тринадцатом веке, вскоре после завершения крестового похода альбигойцев против катаров, Альби превратился в богатый епископский город. Собор-крепость, возвышающийся над городом (тринадцатый век), выполненный в оригинальном средиземноморском стиле с элементами готики, выстроен из местного кирпича красно-оранжевой окраски. Он свидетельствует о возродившейся силе римского духовенства. Собор дополняет огромный епископский дворец Берби, возвышающийся над рекой и окруженный жилыми кварталами, относящимися к средневековью. Епископский город Альби представляет собой единый и гармоничный комплекс памятников и кварталов, не претерпевший существенных изменений на протяжении столетий.

source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Ciudad episcopal de Albi

Situada en el sudoeste de Francia, a orillas del río Tarn, la antigua ciudad de Albi es una muestra del desarrollo floreciente de un conjunto arquitectónico y urbano medieval del que son testigos, todavía hoy, el Puente Viejo y el arrabal de Saint-Salvi con su colegiata (siglos X y XI). En el siglo XIII, después de la cruzada albigense contra los cátaros, Albi llegó a ser una poderosa ciudad episcopal. Construida durante ese mismo siglo en estilo gótico meridional, sumamente original, con ladrillos de tonos rojos y anaranjados fabricados in situ, su catedral fortificada domina el conjunto de la ciudad e ilustra el poderío recobrado por el clero católico romano al término de la cruzada. En las proximidades del edificio catedralicio, rodeado por barrios de viviendas que datan de la Edad Media, se yergue, dominando el río, el vasto palacio episcopal de La Berbie. La ciudad episcopal de Albi está constituida por un conjunto coherente y homogéneo de monumentos y barrios que apenas ha experimentado cambios importantes con el correr de los siglos.

source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

アルビ司教都市
フランス南西部の古都アルビは、全盛期の中世建築の都市集合体である。古い橋や聖サルヴィ地区と教会は、10世紀から11世紀にかけて、この町が発展しはじめたことを表している。13世紀に、異端のカタリ派に対抗したアルビ十字軍によって強大な司教都市となった。要塞のような大聖堂は13世紀後半に、地元の赤やオレンジ色のレンガを使い、南仏ゴシック様式で建てられ、ローマ・カトリック教の聖職者が取り戻した権力を誇示するように町を威圧している。同じ様式でつくられ、よく旧態をとどめている記念建造物群や広場が残され、整った景観を形成している。

source: NFUAJ

Bisschopsstad Albi

Aan de oevers van de Tarn in het zuidwesten van Frankrijk ligt de oude stad Albi, een hoogtepunt van middeleeuwse architectuur. De Oude Brug (Pont-Vieux), de wijk Saint-Salvi en de kerk tonen het begin van de ontwikkeling van de stad in de 10e en 11e eeuw. Na de Albigensische kruistocht tegen de katharen werd Albi een machtige bisschopsstad. De imposante, versterkte kathedraal – eind 13e eeuw gebouwd in een unieke Zuid-Franse gotische stijl van lokale steen in karakteristieke rode en oranje kleuren – domineert de stad. Naast de kathedraal staat het enorme bisschoppelijke Palais de la Berbie, omgeven door residentiële wijken daterend uit de middeleeuwen.

Source: unesco.nl

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Episcopal City of Albi © Pierre Béhar Sarl « A vol d’oiseau »
Outstanding Universal Value

Brief synthesis

The Episcopal City of Albi presents a complete built ensemble representative of a type of urban development in Europe from the Middle Ages to the present day. Its monumental and urban elements are complementary and well preserved, in subtle harmony of tones and appearance thanks to the use of local fired brick. It is testimony to a programme which was simultaneously both defensive and spiritual, and which was implemented by the Roman Catholic bishops following the suppression of the Albigensian or Cathar heresy in the 13th century. Sainte-Cécile Cathedral is the most remarkable monumental symbol, in a Gothic architectural style unique to southern France, to which systematic internal painted decoration, a choir, and late Gothic statuary were added in the 15th and 16th centuries. Finally, the outstanding value of the city is expressed by a medieval urban landscape that is both well preserved and extremely authentic.

Criterion (iv): The historic city of Albi presents an outstanding medieval architectural and urban ensemble. It is homogeneous and is expressed through a high-quality urban landscape that possesses high visual coherence because of the generalised and enduring use of local fired brick. Sainte-Cécile Cathedral is an exceptional architectural and decorative example of the adaptation of the Gothic style to the context of Southern France.

Criterion (v): The Albi urban site developed gradually over the centuries, and notably from the Middle Ages. The events of the Albigensian Crusade transformed it into a symbolic Episcopal city structured around its Cathedral and its Episcopal fortress-palace. This is one of the rare examples of ensembles of this kind that are to such a high degree complete and well preserved. It expresses in a very comprehensive way a type of urban settlement that was characteristic of medieval and Renaissance Europe.

Integrity and authenticity

All the old architectural elements are included in the nominated historic zone, which corresponds exactly with the Renaissance boundaries of the city. Any exceptions from this level of integrity can mainly be attributed to redevelopment of the urban districts in the 19th and early 20th centuries. These were limited in scope and do not affect the coherent appearance of the city overall.

The conditions of authenticity of the urban structure of the property, of a number of buildings from the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, and of most of the monuments are satisfactory thanks to appropriate conservation. The city enjoys considerable visual coherence attributable to the chromatic nuances of the local fired brick, which was in use over a lengthy historical period up to the present day.

The integrity and the authenticity of the urban landscape of the ensemble should be emphasised; they should be a priority objective for long-term preservation.

Protection and management requirements

The Episcopal city's main monuments are all under the protection of the French law of 1913. The so-called 'Malraux Law' of 1962 on conservation areas led to an early municipal project, which was approved in 1968. A protection and enhancement plan followed and was approved in 1974. The protection arrangements are adequate and operate satisfactorily. An extension of the protection of the urban landscape has been announced for the area outside the buffer zone (broad protection procedure, known as ZPPAUP).

The management system for the property is long-standing, and involves numerous stakeholders with well defined specialist functions, which they exercise with recognised expertise. The Municipality is seen as the current coordinator of this system, notably through its consultative management with the inhabitants in the Conservation Area, which includes both the property and its buffer zone. A Property Committee has been established and is responsible in particular for monitoring conservation and protection, coordinating the various stakeholders, and relations with the inhabitants.