支持媒体、强化信息获取、
借助数字技术对抗疫情的举措
自由和专业的媒体、获得信息的权利以及数字技术在全球应对新冠疫情的斗争中发挥着关键性作用。
“运用文字与图象促进思想之自由交流”是联合国教科文组织的具体任务之一。我们支持通信和信息行业为解决当前的新冠病毒危机而做出的巨大努力，包括：
- 分享有利于挽救生命的信息，揭穿误导信息，
- 加强保护和落实基本知情权，
- 借助公益媒体、信息技术和开放式教育资源开展在线学习，并利用网络沟通民众。
教科文组织正在密切监测这场危机对媒体自由、记者安全以及获取信息基本权利的影响。
在媒体和数字技术部门面临前所未有的挑战的背景下，教科文组织创建了这个“资源中心”，分享应对新冠疫情的信息。
它包括一系列与传播和信息相关的行动示例集合，它们都承载以下宗旨：
- 交流经验，
- 确定优先事项，
- 促进伙伴关系，
- 推广良好做法，
- 向政府和国家有关利益相关者提供建议和技术援助，
- 促进南北合作、南南合作和三角合作。
该“信息交换站”提供了说明性示例的非详尽列表。随着新冠疫情和应对举措的迅速发展，这里的信息已将持续更新。
其中由教科文组织牵头或直接支持的倡议标有星号（*），其他由官方合作伙伴或其他有关利益相关者实施。
关于其他计划的问题、评论和信息，请联系：resourcecenter-covid19@unesco.org。
表达自由、记者安全及相关人权
联合国教科文组织、联合国及合作伙伴：
UNESCO and RSF's Safety guide for journalists: A handbook for reporters in high-risk environments aims at providing guidelines and practical advice for all those who risk their lives to bring information to the public. The handbook includes a useful chapter on safety precautions for journalists when covering epidemics.
COVID-19: How to include marginalized and vulnerable people in risk communication and community engagement, guidelines developed by UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
其它资源：
- Safety Advisory for covering the coronavirus outbreak released by the Committee to Protect Journalists.
- English and Chinese-language resources for journalists covering the coronavirus epidemic, developed by the DART Center for Journalism and Trauma. This includes tips on covering disease, interviewing victims and survivors, and working with colleagues exposed to traumatic events.
- Call of UN human rights experts on States to not abuse emergency measures to suppress human rights. They urged States to avoid overreach of security measures in their response to the coronavirus outbreak and reminded them that emergency powers should not be used to quash dissent.
- Governments must promote and protect access to and free flow of information during pandemic, statement by International experts for freedom of expression and freedom of the media.
- Amnesty International statement on responses to COVID-19 and States’ human rights obligations. It examines the human rights concerns and challenges that often emerge as states respond to epidemics, and specifically to COVID-19.
应对虚假信息
联合国教科文组织、联合国及合作伙伴：
UNESCO’s Handbook on understanding and countering disinformation designed for journalism education and training. Collaboratively produced by international experts, it includes tools and exercises to support disinformation literacy and countermeasures relevant to the COVID-19 ’infodemic’. (*)
UNESCO promotes media and information literacy to tackle disinformation, including the initiative “think before sharing”.
“Myth busters” for public health advice on COVID-19, produced by the World Health Organization
其它资源：
- YouTube has declared coronavirus a “sensitive topic”. Content related to COVID-19 which does not follow certain guidelines is demonetized or removed.
- Facebook has created a Coronavirus Information Center on top of its newsfeed. It includes real-time updates from national health authorities and global organizations such as the World Health Organization, and helpful articles, videos and posts about social distancing and preventing the spread of COVID-19.
- Whatsapp has launched a WhatsApp Coronavirus Information Hub to provide simple, actionable guidance for health workers, educators, community leaders, nonprofits, local governments and local businesses that rely on WhatsApp to communicate. The site also offers general tips and resources for users around the world to reduce the spread of rumors and connect with accurate health information.
- #CoronaVirus Facts Alliance launched by the International Fact-Checking Network.
- ARTICLE 19 has published a briefing on how states, the media and social media companies can help to combat COVID-19 (coronavirus) by committing to transparency, tackling misinformation and promoting authoritative health advice.
- The EU DisinfoLab makes available useful resources on the impact of Coronavirus crisis on disinformation. These resources are a non-exhaustive: e.g. common narratives and strategies of disinformation observed, measures taken to counter this disinformation and other initiatives.
关于新冠疫情的专业报道
联合国教科文组织、联合国及合作伙伴：
UNESCO syllabus on science and health journalism, included in its model curricula on journalism education. (*)
教科文组织和世界卫生组织发布多种语言版本的 自学课程 《疫情中的新闻学：如何报道当下的COVID-19新冠疫情以及预后》该课程由美国德州大学Knight新闻学中心提供
Press councils in South East Europe have called for professional reporting on COVID-19; an action welcomed by UNESCO. (*)
此次多语种网络研讨会“报道2019冠状病毒病疫苗：记者须知”为记者报道疫苗提供了最佳实践，并特别关注疫苗分配相关问题和疫苗背后的科学知识。此次研讨会由德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校美洲奈特新闻中心与联合国教科文组织以及世界卫生组织合作、由欧盟资助举办。
其它资源：
- The International Federation of Journalists has urged media to report professionally on COVID-19 to “avoid creating unjustified panic that could worsen the situation.”
- BBC Media Action - 10 tips for media in the COVID-19 ‘info-demic’.
- BBC Media Action - guide for media on communicating in public health emergencies. This was prepared for the International Federation of the Red Cross during the Ebola crisis, and contains practical tips for media practitioners on how to help audiences during health emergencies.
- Public Media Alliance - list of vital resources, sources, public media content and best practices for the public, journalists and media workers.
- Global Investigative Journalism Network examples of data journalism related to “social distancing simulations, coronavirus cluster research, and flattening the COVID-19 curve.”
- First Draft resource hub for reporting on coronavirus. It includes resources such as newsgathering and verification tools, ethics and responsible reporting guidance, and a database of debunks of mis- and disinformation.
- The International Center for Journalists (ICFJ) has launched a Global Health Crisis Reporting Forum which includes an interactive, multilingual hub for thousands of journalists from around the world to: aid informed, ethical reporting through direct access to credible sources of scientific and medical expertise; facilitate knowledge sharing and collaborative reporting projects in reference to Covid-19.
信息和知识获取
如今，全世界对信息获取的需求空前急迫。
要满足这一需求，至关重要的一点是政府必须以最大的透明度来消除谣言，并让公众和媒体充分了解当前的事态发展。
在这场危机中，开放获取科学的信息是关键，这意味着应免费提供与新冠疫情相关的所有资源并开放许可（CC BY-SA）。为了协助遏制和减轻疫情蔓延，鼓励获取基础科学研究和创新至关重要。
联合国教科文组织、联合国及合作伙伴：
- UNESCO promotes the right to access information, recognized in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (Sustainable Development Goal 16.10) (*).
- UNESCO and the global Open Educational Resources community identify, share and support the development of distance-learning resources concerning COVID-19 in different languages, and disseminate them through institutional and governmental frameworks (*).
- UNESCO advocates for openly licensed scientific knowledge. It is necessary for publishers to make information in the relevant scientific fields available in both human and machine-readable formats.
- The Broadband Commission for Sustainable Development, co-led by UNESCO and International Telecommunication Union, promotes affordable connectivity to internet. This is essential to maintain health, social, educational, political and economic processes, especially during in emergencies. The Commission will produce a report on freedom of expression and disinformation, which will also address COVID-19, during fall 2020 (*).
其它资源：
- On-demand content platforms and public libraries, such as the World Digital Library, are offering free or cheaper packages for access to online cultural and educational content.
- Novel Coronavirus Information Center by publisher Elsevier, provides expert and curated information for the research and health community. Resources are free to access and include guidelines for clinicians and patients.
数字技术
联合国教科文组织、联合国及合作伙伴：
Corona Virus Media Watch launched by the International Research Centre on Artificial Intelligence in Slovenia, category 2 centre under the auspices of UNESCO. It provides global and national news updates based on a selection of media entities with open online news. Policymakers, media and the public can observe emerging trends related to COVID-19 in their country and the world.
其它资源：
- To ensure access to information, Access Now has urged governments across the globe to ensure free, open and secure internet access.
- Artists, athletes and creative and entertainment industries have mobilized to promote live streamed theatre plays, DJ sets, and performances, usually connected to philanthropic initiatives, through digital technologies.
本资源中心的成立得益于挪威外交部、教科文组织表达自由和记者安全多方赞助项目以及欧盟的共同资助。
 |
 |
 |