State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Guinea Haiti Holy See Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Norway Oman Pakistan Palestine Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 2465 Housing 1179 Illegal activities 940 Ground transport infrastructure 720 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 716 Management activities 537 Legal framework 512 Land conversion 508 Mining 419 Financial resources 418 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 407 Human resources 361 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 353 Water infrastructure 328 Civil unrest 294 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 288 Water (rain/water table) 255 Deliberate destruction of heritage 240 War 235 Interpretative and visitation facilities 195 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 190 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 181 Surface water pollution 168 Oil and gas 161 Governance 161 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 157 Solid waste 151 Commercial development 148 Marine transport infrastructure 137 Forestry /wood production 132 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 126 Storms 112 Flooding 109 Major linear utilities 106 Crop production 105 Earthquake 98 Fire (widlfires) 88 Water (extraction) 74 Relative humidity 72 Underground transport infrastructure 68 Air pollution 66 Renewable energy facilities 62 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 62 Other climate change impacts 58 Invasive / alien freshwater species 57 Society's valuing of heritage 56 Localised utilities 55 Air transport infrastructure 53 High impact research / monitoring activities 53 Commercial hunting 50 Wind 49 Industrial areas 46 Subsistence hunting 39 Quarrying 38 Input of excess energy 36 Ground water pollution 35 Avalanche/ landslide 32 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 30 Drought 30 Invasive / alien marine species 29 Non-renewable energy facilities 25 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 21 Pollution of marine waters 20 Changes to oceanic waters 19 Desertification 19 Temperature change 17 Translocated species 16 Micro-organisms 15 Temperature 14 Volcanic eruption 9 Military training 6 Pests 5 Terrorism 5 Subsistence wild plant collection 4 Hyper-abundant species 4 Aquaculture 3 Radiation/light 3 Tsunami/tidal wave 3 Low impact research / monitoring activities 3