Editorial Board
Director of the research group Audiovisual Diversity at Carlos III University of Madrid (UC3M), Spain
Chapter 2 • Ensuring a diversity of voices in the media
As a professor in the Communications and Media Studies Department of the Carlos III University of Madrid (UC3M), Spain, Luis A. Albornoz teaches on the Audiovisual Geopolitics course. He is Deputy Head of the Doctoral Programme in Media Research and the Master’s Degree in Music Industry and Sound Studies. Luis A. Albornoz is an elected member of the International Council of the International Association for Media and Communication Research (IAMCR), holds a degree in Communication Sciences from the University of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and a PhD from the Department of Audiovisual Communication and Advertising at the Complutense University of Madrid. His latest published works include Power, Media and Culture (Palgrave/IAMCR, 2015), Diversity and the Film Industry (UIS, 2016), Diversidad e industria audiovisual: el desafío cultural del siglo XXI (FCE, 2017), Audiovisual Industries and Diversity: Economics and Policies in the Digital Era (Routledge, 2019) and Grupo Prisa (Routledge, 2020).
International Consultant and Researcher in Cultural Policy and International Affairs, Spain
Principal Editor
Jordi Baltà Portolés works as a consultant, researcher and trainer in cultural policy and international affairs at Trànsit Projectes – a cultural management company based in L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. He has a particular interest in the role of culture in sustainable development, cultural diversity, cultural rights and international cultural cooperation. Jordi Baltà Portolés is an expert on the Culture Committee of United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG), and has provided consultancy for a wide range of organizations in Europe, Africa, Latin America and Asia. He teaches on the Degree in International Relations at Blanquerna – Universitat Ramon Llull (URL) in Barcelona, as well as on several postgraduate courses. He holds a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in Political Science (Autonomous University of Barcelona), a Master of Arts (MA) in European Cultural Policy (University of Warwick, United Kingdom) and is a PhD candidate at the University of Girona, Spain, and the University of Melbourne, Australia.
Cultural manager, social researcher and Director of Asociación Civil Solar, Peru
Chapter 4 • Opening up cultural governance through civil society participation
Mauricio Delfín is a cultural manager and social researcher specializing in civil society, digital technologies and cultural governance. He has extensive experience in arts management and information system design for cultural projects. Mauricio Delfín is interested in the evolving notion of cultural democracy, and in the relationship between civic engagement and open cultural governance. He holds a Joint Honours degree in Anthropology and International Development Studies from McGill University, Canada, and a Master of Arts (MA) in Media, Culture and Communication from New York University, United States. He co-founded and directed Realidad Visual (2001-2010), the Peruvian National Summit of Culture (2011-2014) and Culturaperu.org (2009-2015) – a cultural information system designed and maintained by civil society. Mauricio Delfín has worked as a research associate for Tándem (a cultural policy think tank) and a research and development strategist for La Factura (a civic software company). He was a Vanier Scholar (2014-2017), Open Government Fellow of the Organization of American States (OAS) (2015) and a Next Generation Fellow for the Latin American Initiative for Open Data (ILDA) (2020). He served as technical secretary of the Peruvian Alliance of Cultural Organizations (APOC) from 2017 to 2019. He is also founder and director of Asociación Civil Solar, a non-profit organization that promotes open government principles and practices in cultural sectors. He is a member of the EU/UNESCO Expert Facility for the implementation of the 2005 Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions and a doctoral candidate in Communication Studies at McGill University, Canada.
Associate Programme Specialist, Culture and Communication Unit, UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), Canada
Chapter 6 • Global flow of cultural goods and services: still a one-way trade
Lydia Deloumeaux is an economist and statistician who has specialized in culture for more than 15 years. She manages the UIS culture databases and leads the methodological and indicator work on expenditure on cultural and natural heritage (SDG 11.4.1), feature films, cultural employment and international trade in cultural goods and services. She writes reports and analytical articles on those same topics. Since 2007, she has been involved in implementing the 2005 Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions and measurement issues related to the diversity of cultural expressions. She provides training and technical assistance to developing countries on cultural statistics and indicators, as well as on the contribution of the cultural sector in the economy. She is the co-author of the 2009 UNESCO Framework for Cultural Statistics.
Professor at the Faculty of Law of Université Laval, Canada
Chapter 7 • Protecting diversity: still room to defend a legitimate public policy objective outside the Convention
Véronique Guèvremont is professor at the Faculty of Law of Université Laval (Quebec, Canada). She holds the UNESCO Chair on the Diversity of Cultural Expressions and is co-leader for Arts, Media and Cultural Diversity within the International Observatory on the Societal Impacts of Artificial Intelligence and Digital technologies (OBVIA/OIISIAN). She graduated from the University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne and has been teaching international cultural and economic law since 2006. From 2003 to 2005, she was an associate expert with UNESCO's former Division of Cultural Policies and Intercultural Dialogue during the negotiation of the 2005 Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. Her most recent research and publications focus on cultural rights, the treatment of cultural goods and services in trade agreements, the preservation of the diversity of cultural expressions in the digital age and the cultural dimension of sustainable development. Since 2015, she has been part of the EU/UNESCO Expert Facility for the implementation of the Convention.
Independent cultural policy researcher and advisor, essayist and literary translator, Sierra Leone
Chapter 8 • Culture and sustainable development: a still untapped potential
Yarri Kamara is an independent cultural policy researcher and advisor based in Burkina Faso. She worked on a wide range of development interventions before specializing in cultural policy and its links to sustainable development. She has undertaken work for the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Bank, the United Kingdom Department for International Development, the French Development Agency (AFD), as well as multiple African government agencies. She was a former fellow at the International Institute for Environment and Development. In the field of culture, she has regularly collaborated with UNESCO since 2004. Recent collaborations include serving on the panel of experts for the International Fund for Cultural Diversity, and supporting the internal creation of a culture and sustainable development knowledge platform. Yarri Kamara is an experienced interdisciplinarian who is also a research associate at Institut Free Afrik, an essayist and a literary translator. Her working languages are English, French and Italian.
Executive Director of the International Federation of Arts Councils and Culture Agencies, Chile
Chapter 1 • Building resilient and sustainable cultural and creative sectors
Magdalena Moreno Mujica is the Executive Director of the International Federation of Arts Councils and Culture Agencies (IFACCA), with its Secretariat serving ministries of culture and government cultural agencies in over 70 countries. She is the former Head of International Affairs at the National Council for Culture and the Arts in Chile (CNCA – now the Ministry of Cultures, Arts and Heritage) and was ministerial advisor on international affairs. In this role, she oversaw Chile’s international arts and cultural strategy; served as Programme Director of the 6th World Summit on Arts and Culture (Santiago, 2014); delivered Chile’s participation in three Venice Biennales; served on the Board of Fundación Imagen de Chile and represented CNCA on the IFACCA Board (2012-2014). Before this, Magdalena Moreno Mujica worked in Australia, where she was CEO of Kultour, the national ‘peak’ body supporting cultural diversity in the arts. She was also a member of the National Cultural Policy Taskforce for Creative Australia and led an international initiative to strengthen South-South dialogue (the ‘South Project’, 2004-2008). She holds a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Melbourne, Australia, is an alumna of the Asialink Leaders Program (2008) and the Australia Council for the Arts' Emerging Leaders Program (2010) and has served on several boards including Diversity Arts Australia (2016-2018). She is a current member of the EU/UNESCO Expert Facility for the implementation of the 2005 Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions.
Managing Partner, Creative Economy Practice at CC Hub, Nigeria
Chapter 3 • New opportunities and challenges for inclusive cultural and creative industries in the digital environment
Ojoma Ochai is a creative economy expert with over 15 years’ experience supporting the development of the global creative economy through contributions to various initiatives including capacity-building, technical assistance to the public and private sector and leading international cooperation projects in the cultural and creative industries. She has worked on various international arts, creative and digital sector development efforts, including World Bank support for Nigeria’s music and film sector and alongside the Swedish Arts Council. Ojoma Ochai worked at the British Council for many years, and her most recent posting in the organization was as its Regional Director for Arts and Creative Economy Programmes in sub-Saharan Africa until October 2021. She was nominated as Young Person of the Year by the Future Awards in 2010; is a Fellow of the DEVOS Institute of Arts Management, University of Maryland, United States; an Associate Fellow of the Nigerian Leadership Institute; and sits on the board of the African Technology and Creative Group. Ojoma Ochai is a member of the EU/UNESCO Expert Facility for the implementation of the 2005 Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions.
Expert in transnational cultural cooperation and former Director of the Culture Department at the Asia-Europe Foundation, India
Chapter 5 • Re-imagining mobility for artists and cultural professionals
Anupama Sekhar is an expert in North-South and South-South transnational cultural cooperation. As a member of the EU/UNESCO Expert Facility since 2015, she has undertaken technical assistance missions to support governments in implementing the 2005 Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. From 2015 to 2021, Anupama Sekhar was Director of the Culture Department at the Asia-Europe Foundation (ASEF), which promotes collaborations among cultural professionals, arts organizations, museums and public agencies in 51 countries in Asia and Europe. She is currently a Board Member of ArtsEquator, which promotes critical writing about arts practice in South-East Asia. Anupama Sekhar holds degrees in English Literature and International Studies. She is a trained dancer in the Indian classical Bharatanatyam style. She is a citizen of India and is currently based in Dubai.
Professor at the Department of Economics at the University of Barcelona, Spain, and President of the European Association of Cultural Researchers, Spain
Chapter 9 • Gender equality: one step forward, two steps back
Anna Villarroya Planas is Associate Professor in the Department of Economics as well as Academic Coordinator of the Doctoral Programme in Gender Studies: Culture, Society and Policy, at the University of Barcelona, Spain. She regularly teaches courses on the economics of culture and cultural policies. Her areas of expertise include cultural work and participation, gender inequalities in cultural employment and the social value of culture. She is President of the European Association of Cultural Researchers (ERICarts Network) and Director of the Centre of Research in Information, Communication and Culture (CRICC) at the University of Barcelona. She is the Co-Principal Investigator of the ‘Gender Perspective in Information and Media Studies’ (GENDIMS) project at the University of Barcelona and co-author of Spain’s profile within the Compendium of Cultural Policies and Trends published by ERICarts and the Council of Europe. She is the author of numerous articles and book chapters on various topics related to cultural policies and the economics of culture.
Researcher and former Deputy-Director of PEN International, United Kingdom
Chapter 10 • Safeguarding the freedom to create
Sara Whyatt is a campaigner and researcher on freedom of artistic expression and human rights, notably as director of PEN International’s freedom of expression programme for over 20 years and previously as a coordinator in Amnesty International’s Asia Research Department. At PEN, she worked with its global membership on mobilizing its campaigns for writers at risk, as well as on thematic issues. In 2013, she took up freelance consultancy, working on projects for, inter alia, Freemuse, Culture Action Europe, PEN, the Swedish Arts Council and the Council of Europe. She was the author of the chapter on freedom of artistic expression for UNESCO’s 2018 Global Report Re|Shaping Cultural Policies: Advancing Creativity for Development monitoring the implementation of the 2005 Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions.