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Stevns Klint

Stevns Klint

This geological site comprises a 15 km-long fossil-rich coastal cliff, offering exceptional evidence of the impact of the Chicxulub meteorite that crashed into the planet at the end of the Cretaceous, about 65 million years ago. Researchers think that this caused the most remarkable mass extinction ever, responsible for the disappearance of over 50 per cent of all life on Earth. The site harbours a record of the cloud of ash formed by the impact of the meteorite – the exact site being at the bottom of the ocean off the coast of Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula. An exceptional fossil record is visible at the site, showing the complete succession of fauna and micro-fauna charting the recovery after the mass extinction.

Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Stevns Klint

Ce site géologique, qui comprend un littoral long de 15 km avec des falaises fossilifères, est un témoignage exceptionnel de l’impact de la chute de la météorite de Chicxulub, survenue à la fin du crétacé, il y a environ 65 millions d’années. Les scientifiques considèrent généralement que cet impact est responsable de la plus récente des grandes extinctions de masse de l’histoire, à l’origine de la disparition des dinosaures et de plus de 50 % de la vie sur Terre. On peut observer sur ce site le registre sédimentaire du nuage de cendres formé par l’impact de la météorite, le site même de l’impact étant au fond de l’eau, au large de la péninsule du Yucatán au Mexique. On peut également y observer un registre fossile exceptionnel formé d’une succession d’assemblages biologiques.

Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Stevns Klint

Este sitio geológico, que abarca una zona litoral de 15 kilómetros de longitud con acantilados fosilíferos, constituye un testimonio excepcional del impacto provocado en la corteza terrestre por la caída del meteorito de Chicxulub, ocurrida a finales del Periodo Cretácico, hace unos 65 millones de años. Los científicos suelen estimar que ese impacto causó la extinción masiva más reciente de la historia de la Tierra, provocando la desaparición de los dinosaurios y de más del 50% de la vida en nuestro planeta. En Stevns Klint se puede observar el registro sedimentario de la nube de cenizas provocada por el choque del meteorito, cuyo cráter de impacto se sitúa en el fondo del Mar Caribe y en la península del Yucatán (México). También se puede observar en este sitio un registro fósil excepcional formado por una sucesión de ensamblados biológicos.

source: UNESCO/ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

スティーブンス・クリント
約6500万年前の白亜紀末に中央アメリカのユカタン半島に衝突した隕石は、世界中に灰を降らせるとともに地球上の生物の50%以上を絶滅させ、恐竜時代を終わらせたといわれている。スティーブンス・クリントは、その衝突の影響を示す顕著な見本である。衝突地点のチクシュルーブ・クレーターは陸地から離れた深海にあるが、スティーブンス・クリオントでは衝突時の地層や、当時の生物化石を間近に観察できる。中生代と新生代の境界(K/T境界)を明確に示したという点で、地球科学の発展に大きく寄与した。

source: NFUAJ

Stevns Klint

Stevns Klint is een Deens geologisch kustgebied met daarin een fossielrijke klif van 15 kilometer lang. Het gebied getuigt van de impact van de Chicxulub meteoriet die insloeg aan het eind van het Krijttijdperk, zo'n 65 miljoen jaar geleden. Onderzoekers denken dat deze inslag de grootste massa-extinctie in de geschiedenis heeft veroorzaakt waardoor meer dan 50% van al het leven op aarde verdween. In het gebied rond Stevns Klint zijn sporen gevonden van de aswolk die ontstond door de inslag – de exacte inslaglocatie was de oceaanbodem voor de kust van het Mexicaans schiereiland Yucatán. In het Deense kustgebied bevindt zich ook een uitzonderlijk fossielenbestand dat de volledige opeenvolging van (micro)fauna weergeeft en het herstel laat zien na de massa-uitsterving.

Source: unesco.nl

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Stevns Klint © Jacob Lautrup
Outstanding Universal Value

Brief synthesis  

Stevns Klint is a globally exceptional testimony to the impact of meteorite impact on the history of life on Earth. The property provides evidence of the Chixulub meteorite impact that took place at the end of the Cretaceous Period, c.67 million years ago, and is widely believed to have caused the end of the Age of the Dinosaurs. The property has further iconic scientific importance due to its association with the radical theory for asteroid driven extinction developed through the seminal work of Walter and Luis W Alvarez, with their co-workers. Stevns Klint is highly significant in terms of its past, present and future contribution to science, and makes these values accessible to the wider global community as a whole.

Criterion (viii): Stevns Klint is a globally exceptional testimony to the impact of meteorite impact on the history of life on Earth. The property provides a globally exceptional representation of the evidence of the Chixulub meteorite impact that took place at the end of the Cretaceous Period, c.67 million years ago. This impact is widely believed by modern scientists to have caused the end of the Age of the Dinosaurs, and led to the extinction of more than 50% of life on Earth. This is the most recent of the major mass extinctions in Earth’s history. Comparative analysis indicates this is the most significant and readily accessible site, of hundreds available, to see the sedimentary record of the ash cloud formed by the meteorite impact, the actual site of the impact being deep underwater offshore the Yucatan peninsula. In addition, the site has iconic scientific importance as the most significant and accessible of the three localities where the radical theory for asteroid driven extinction was developed through the seminal work of Walter and Luis W Alvarez, with their co-workers. Stevns Klint is highly significant in terms of its past, present and future contribution to science especially pertaining to the definition of and explanation of the Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary.

The outstanding fossil record at Stevns Klint provides a succession of three biotic assemblages including the most diverse end-Cretaceous marine ecosystem known. The million years recorded in the rock at Stevns Klint provides evidence of a climax pre-impact community, fauna that survived a mass extinction event, and the subsequent faunal recovery and increased biodiversity following this event. The fossil record shows which taxa became extinct and which survived and reveals the tempo and mode of evolution of the succeeding post impact fauna that diversified to the marine fauna of today, thus providing important context for the main K/T boundary layer exposed at Stevns Klint.

Integrity

The property contains the coastal rock exposures that are of Outstanding Universal Value. There is a small break in the site where an active quarry is located, in the buffer zone, resulting in the site being a serial property. Boundaries along the cliff address and accommodate the natural erosion processes of the sea, and include the beach area where eroded blocks fall as natural erosion progresses. The landward and seaward buffer areas are adequate.

Existing human made exposures landward of the cliff also support the integrity of the site. These exposures are in areas that include two abandoned quarries and tunnels that had historically been used for military purposes. The inclusion of these areas enhances opportunities for visitor services and interpretation and supports further understanding related to the three dimensions of the paleo-seascape. These anthropogenic features, based on calculated rates of sea level rise and planned coastal management strategies, are durable as accessible exposures for hundreds of years. 

Protection and management requirements

The property benefits from overlapping national and local legislation, and has an up to date management plan supported through local government planning strategies. The property is protected from development and will continue to evolve as a natural and unprotected stretch of coastline.

A specific organizational structure for management of the property has been designed to support management needed following inscription on the World Heritage list. The site is governed and managed through a steering group with representation from state, regional governments, and landowners including private (majority of the nominated property is privately owned) and public. The steering group is complemented by a local organization with a board of directors, a secretariat supported by a Director and Site Manager, and two standing committees (a local reference group and a scientific reference group). 

There is strong community support for the nomination, and a co-management approach with a range of partners including local government, the local museum, NGOs and private sector interests. Sustained and adequate finance for the management of the property is a long-term requirement. Project funding has been secured with a plan for securing sustainable funding based on a five-year management cycle. Ongoing management funding will be provided through the local government. Both national level and private sector involvement in the management of the site will also provide support to the property.

There are some threats to the property that require continued attention. There is notable visitation, and projections that this will increase. This has the potential to negatively impact the fossil heritage through uncontrolled/poorly managed fossil collecting. This threat is managed through the legislative framework for protection of natural heritage in Denmark and regional and municipal planning to support the protection of the nominated property. Guidelines are in place that regulate collecting and also zoning the property for managing visitation along the coast. It will be of additional importance that tourism and visitation is part of a local strategy for sustainable tourism, and that effective education, interpretation and curation facilities are provided.

The property is protected from extractive use, in line with the principle that such uses are incompatible with World Heritage property status, and the State Party has provided a series of examples of cases where government has denied requests for extraction of resources to ensure the protection of natural heritage values. A dormant claim for quarrying adjoining the property expires in 2028 and will not be renewed, nor activated prior to its expiry.