Une mission de recherche scientifique menée sous l’égide de l’UNESCO explore l’un des plus grands récifs coralliens du monde, au large des côtes de Tahiti.

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Récifs coralliens : chronique d’un monde fragile

Photos : Alexis Rosenfeld
Texte : Katerina Markelova, UNESCO

C’est un des plus grands récifs coralliens au monde, qui déploie ses fleurs et ses dentelles de calcaire sur près de trois kilomètres de long. L’un des plus profonds aussi. Ce trésor sous-marin était connu de longue date des pêcheurs locaux, mais on n’en soupçonnait pas l’étendue. L’explorateur et photographe français Alexis Rosenfeld, qui a exploré le récif au cours d’une mission conduite en 2021 avec le soutien de l’UNESCO, livre de ce paysage marin des images exceptionnelles.

Contrairement à de nombreux autres champs de corail, celui-ci a échappé au blanchiment. Près de la moitié des écosystèmes coralliens ont en effet disparu depuis les années 1870, en raison du changement climatique, de la surpêche et de la pollution. Parmi ceux qui ont subsisté, un tiers sont menacés d’extinction.

Il s’agit d’une estimation car seuls 20 % des fonds marins sont connus. C’est la raison pour laquelle l’UNESCO s’est engagée à cartographier au moins 80 % du plancher océanique d’ici à 2030. L’approfondissement de nos connaissances des fonds marins permettra peut-être de mettre au jour l’existence d’autres écosystèmes capables de s’adapter à l’élévation de la température de l’océan.

The French explorer and photographer Alexis Rosenfeld, founder of the 1 Ocean campaign carried out in partnership with UNESCO to raise public awareness on the need to preserve the ocean.
The French explorer and photographer Alexis Rosenfeld, founder of the 1 Ocean campaign carried out in partnership with UNESCO to raise public awareness on the need to preserve the ocean.
In order to capture light, rare at over 30 metres depth, the corals of this reef open like rose petals.
In order to capture light, rare at over 30 metres depth, the corals of this reef open like rose petals.
The Maldives archipelago. Two carnivorous starfish Acanthaster planci devour a coral colony. This species is today the main natural cause of the disappearance of corals.
The Maldives archipelago. Two carnivorous starfish Acanthaster planci devour a coral colony. This species is today the main natural cause of the disappearance of corals.
 Natural Park of the Coral Sea in New Caledonia, France. While clinging onto gorgonians, crinoids capture plankton with the help of their long flexible arms. This species has inhabited the ocean for about 500 million years.
Natural Park of the Coral Sea in New Caledonia, France. While clinging onto gorgonians, crinoids capture plankton with the help of their long flexible arms. This species has inhabited the ocean for about 500 million years.
These coral trees are deployed by scientists from the French laboratory CNRS-CRIOBE off the coast of Moorea (French Polynesia) to study the effects of global warming on corals.
These coral trees are deployed by scientists from the French laboratory CNRS-CRIOBE off the coast of Moorea (French Polynesia) to study the effects of global warming on corals.
The sea anemone Entacmaea quadricolor is often inhabited by clownfish. Here, in the Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park in the Philippines.
The sea anemone Entacmaea quadricolor is often inhabited by clownfish. Here, in the Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park in the Philippines.
The Gambier Islands in French Polynesia. The lagoon of Rikitea is home to an impressive colony of mushroom corals (Fungia scruposa) capable of moving.
The Gambier Islands in French Polynesia. The lagoon of Rikitea is home to an impressive colony of mushroom corals (Fungia scruposa) capable of moving.
A salp colony in the Mediterranean. The life cycle of this species has two phases: the first one is solitary and characterised by an asexual reproduction. The second one is collective, with reproduction becoming sexual.
A salp colony in the Mediterranean. The life cycle of this species has two phases: the first one is solitary and characterised by an asexual reproduction. The second one is collective, with reproduction becoming sexual.
A plastic bag stuck to the pectoral fin of this long-snouted dolphin (Stenella longirostris). Nondegradable waste makes up a real threat to marine fauna.
A plastic bag stuck to the pectoral fin of this long-snouted dolphin (Stenella longirostris). Nondegradable waste makes up a real threat to marine fauna.
The Aeolian Islands (Italy) in the Mediterranean. The Smoking Land is an underwater zone discovered in 2018 between the islands of Panarea and Basiluzzo. It consists of more than two hundred volcanic conduits that emit gas-rich acidic fluids.
The Aeolian Islands (Italy) in the Mediterranean. The Smoking Land is an underwater zone discovered in 2018 between the islands of Panarea and Basiluzzo. It consists of more than two hundred volcanic conduits that emit gas-rich acidic fluids.
Tahití, en la Polinesia Francesa. Los tiburones grises de arrecife (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos) viven en grupo durante el día y se separan solo para cazar cuando cae la noche.
Tahiti in French Polynesia. The grey reef shark (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos) lives in shivers during the day. These shivers only separate to chase during the night.
A hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) in the waters of Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park in the Philippines.
A hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) in the waters of Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park in the Philippines.
Erupción de sulfuro de hidrógeno en el corazón de la caldera de Panarea, una de las islas Eólicas, frente a las costas de Sicilia, en Italia. Esta zona del Mediterráneo presenta una importante actividad volcánica.
A hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) in the waters of Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park in the Philippines.
The Mayotte Marine Natural Park (France) in the Indian Ocean. A real link between land and the ocean, the mangrove dampens waves and serves as a natural filter.
The Mayotte Marine Natural Park (France) in the Indian Ocean. A real link between land and the ocean, the mangrove dampens waves and serves as a natural filter.
Traduction : d’un monde à l’autre
UNESCO
avril-juin 2022
UNESCO
0000381067
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