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教科文组织新设立11个生物圈保护区

联合国教科文组织“人与生物圈计划”批准设立11个新的生物圈保护区,其中10个分布在9个国家,1个跨境保护区横跨2国。至此,这一全球网络内的保护区总数达到748个(包括23个跨境保护区),分布在134个国家。
Path through the mangrove in Tribugá-Cupica-Baudó Biosphere Reserve, Colombia
教科文组织生物圈保护区是人类能够与自然和谐共生的鲜活证明。自1971年以来,这一由社区主导的计划成功地找到了一种兼顾民生与生物多样性保护的发展模式。我很高兴今年又有11个保护区加入了这一强大的网络,它比以往任何时候都更加重要和必要。
UNESCO Director-General
Audrey Azoulay 阿祖莱,联合国教科文组织总干事

“教科文组织生物圈保护区是人类能够与自然和谐共生的鲜活证明。自1971年以来,这一由社区主导的计划成功地找到了一种兼顾民生与生物多样性保护的发展模式。我很高兴今年又有11个保护区加入了这一强大的网络,它比以往任何时候都更加重要和必要。” 教科文组织总干事阿祖莱说。

这些新增保护区由教科文组织人与生物圈计划MAB)国际协调理事会决定批准,该理事会是人与生物圈计划的理事机构,由教科文组织的34个会员国组成。此次理事会届会于6月12-15日在教科文组织总部举行。

生物圈保护区是教科文组织作为联合国科学机构所肩负使命的支柱之一。每一个生物圈保护区都倡导创新的当地解决方案,以保全生物多样性,保护生态系统和应对气候变化,同时通过发展农业生态、可再生能源和绿色工业等方式改善人民生计。

生物圈保护区有助于各国实现去年12月在《昆明—蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》内通过的目标。这些目标包括到2030年将地球陆地表面的30%划入保护区,并恢复地球上30%的已退化生态系统。

新设立的11个生物圈保护区:

Exporing the riverine ecosystem in Drömling Biosphere Reserve, Germany
Exporing the riverine ecosystem in Drömling Biosphere Reserve, Germany
Staggered mowing of the grasslands to support biodiversity in Drömling Biosphere Reserve, Germany
Staggered mowing of the grasslands to support biodiversity in Drömling Biosphere Reserve, Germany
A park ranger gives a thematic tour to visitors, Drömling Biosphere Reserve, Germany
A park ranger gives a thematic tour to visitors, Drömling Biosphere Reserve, Germany
Drömling Biosphere Reserve, Germany
Drömling Biosphere Reserve, Germany

喀麦隆:可鲁普雨林生物圈保护区

拥有超过6000万年历史的可鲁普(Korup)雨林是非洲最古老的雨林之一。可鲁普雨林生物圈保护区位于喀麦隆西南的几内亚—刚果生物地理区,毗邻尼日利亚的奥班生物圈保护区,拥有从低地森林到亚热带山地雨林的广阔景观。它因丰富的生物多样性和特有的动植物而成为非洲的2个更新世保护区之一。该生物圈保护区内栖息着众多非洲灵长类动物,包括极度濒危的克罗斯河大猩猩。雨林中还生活着3万余名语言和文化各异的居民。当地经济同样十分多元,涵盖农业、林业、旅游业以及娱乐和服务行业。约有32个村庄通过旨在加强社区参与和改善当地生计的协作进程参与可鲁普雨林的管理。

Tree nursery in the Korup Rainforest Biosphere Reserve, Cameroon. Seedlings are in the foreground, 2 young men are watering them with watering cans
Tree nursery in the Korup Rainforest Biosphere Reserve, Cameroon
Children living in the Korup Rainforest Biosphere Reserve, Cameroon, participate in educational activities on sustainable development and environmental conservation
Children living in the Korup Rainforest Biosphere Reserve, Cameroon, participate in educational activities on sustainable development and environmental conservation
 Suspension bridge over a river in Korup Rainforest Biosphere Reserve, Cameroon
Suspension bridge over a river in Korup Rainforest Biosphere Reserve, Cameroon

中非共和国:中非东北保护综合体生物圈保护区

该生物圈保护区位于中非共和国东北部,北接萨赫勒地区,南邻湿润的赤道地区,是二者间的过渡地带。园区连通国家和地区级别的保护区域,发挥着重要的生态作用。该生物圈保护区地处刚果河、乍得湖和尼罗河流域的交汇处,拥有高度多样化的植物和动物物种,及以沿河漫滩林区为特点的生态系统和景观。马诺沃贡达圣绅罗里斯国家公园是其核心区域之一,已被列入《世界遗产名录》。该生物圈保护区内生活着8万居民,分属不同族群。他们主要从事农业,种植木薯、小米、高粱、花生、玉米和芝麻等粮食作物。这里的其他重要传统活动包括狩猎和捕鱼,其次是小规模畜牧业、手工业、小规模贸易、手工钻石开采和采集非木材林产品。

Landscape of the Manovo-Gounda St Floris National Park, a World Heritage property within the Protected Area Complex of Northeast Central African Republic Biosphere Reserve
Landscape of the Manovo-Gounda St Floris National Park, a World Heritage property within the Protected Area Complex of Northeast Central African Republic Biosphere Reserve
African buffaloes seen from above in the Protected Area Complex of Northeast Central African Republic Biosphere Reserve
African buffaloes seen from above in the Protected Area Complex of Northeast Central African Republic Biosphere Reserve
Protected Area Complex of Northeast Central African Republic Biosphere Reserve
Protected Area Complex of Northeast Central African Republic Biosphere Reserve
Transhumance of livestock in the Protected Area Complex of Northeast Central African Republic Biosphere Reserve
Transhumance of livestock in the Protected Area Complex of Northeast Central African Republic Biosphere Reserve

哥伦比亚:特里布加-库皮卡-包多生物圈保护区

特里布加-库皮卡-包多(Tribugá-Cupica-Baudó)生物圈保护区位于乔科(Chocó)生物地理区,是哥伦比亚沿太平洋地区的首个生物圈保护区,也是影响该地区的两大生物群落之一。另一个是包多山(Serranía del Baudó)的热带雨林。该生物圈保护区包含各种景观(悬崖、河口、海岸、海湾、水湾和海洋区域)和生态系统(珊瑚礁、红树林、热带森林),生物多样性丰富。逾1.8万人在此居住,其中多数是土著恩贝拉人(Embera)和非裔哥伦比亚人,前者说一种罕见的孤立语言。这里主要的经济活动是自给农业、手工捕鱼、传统捕鱼和资源利用、贸易、自然旅游和制陶等手工艺。

Mangrove in Tribugá-Cupica-Baudó Biosphere Reserve, Colombia
Mangrove in Tribugá-Cupica-Baudó Biosphere Reserve, Colombia
A whale in the Tribugá-Cupica-Baudó Biosphere Reserve, on the Pacific Coast of Colombia. The biosphere reserve contains diverse ecosystems that are rich in biodiversity, including marine areas.
A whale in the Tribugá-Cupica-Baudó Biosphere Reserve, on the Pacific Coast of Colombia. The biosphere reserve contains diverse ecosystems that are rich in biodiversity, including marine areas.
Cascada del amor (Love waterfall) in Tribugá-Cupica-Baudó Biosphere Reserve, Colombia
Cascada del amor (Love waterfall) in Tribugá-Cupica-Baudó Biosphere Reserve, Colombia
Path through the mangrove in Tribugá-Cupica-Baudó Biosphere Reserve, Colombia
Path through the mangrove in Tribugá-Cupica-Baudó Biosphere Reserve, Colombia

德国:德姆林生物圈保护区

德姆林(Drömling)生物圈保护区跨越前两德边界,连起萨克森—安哈尔特州和下萨克森州两个联邦州。在过去的250年里,该地区已发展成为集农业发展和泥炭沼泽保护于一体的文化景观。保护区计划通过开展生态旅游、水资源和可再生能源联合管理以及环境教育,为恢复整个地区的生态和社会文化特性作出贡献。该生物圈保护区包括11个自然保护区、5个景观保护区和1个国家级自然保护区(“绿带”)。该地区的生态系统依水而生,独具特色,囊括从保护完好的湿地系统和森林到人类影响显著的地区等各种类型。该生物圈保护区约54%的面积作为鸟类保护区被纳入欧洲保护区网络(Natura 2000)。

Exporing the riverine ecosystem in Drömling Biosphere Reserve, Germany
Exporing the riverine ecosystem in Drömling Biosphere Reserve, Germany
Staggered mowing of the grasslands to support biodiversity in Drömling Biosphere Reserve, Germany
Staggered mowing of the grasslands to support biodiversity in Drömling Biosphere Reserve, Germany
A park ranger gives a thematic tour to visitors, Drömling Biosphere Reserve, Germany
A park ranger gives a thematic tour to visitors, Drömling Biosphere Reserve, Germany
Drömling Biosphere Reserve, Germany
Drömling Biosphere Reserve, Germany

印度尼西亚:班迪穆伦布鲁萨拉恩-马罗庞生物圈保护区

班迪穆伦布鲁萨拉恩-马罗庞(Bantimurung Bulusaraung - Ma'Rupanne)生物圈保护区坐落在印度尼西亚南苏拉威西省,由3大主要区域组成:班迪穆伦、布鲁萨拉恩、马罗斯庞戈普(Maros Pangkep),后者是全球第二大喀斯特景观。这里的土地覆盖类型包括热带山地森林、低地森林和多种不同土地用途的区域。班迪穆伦布鲁萨拉恩国家公园是保护区的核心区域之一,以丰富的生物多样性闻名,其中包括250种蝴蝶。区内有672个村庄,150多万居民。望加锡和武吉斯等社区数百年来一直坚守其传统文化。自然和文化旅游业十分发达,但水稻种植、旱地农业和畜牧业以及渔业等农业活动构成当地社区的主要生计。

Bio-monitoring in the Bantimurung Bulusaraung - Ma'Rupanne Biosphere Reserve, Indonesia
Bio-monitoring in the Bantimurung Bulusaraung - Ma'Rupanne Biosphere Reserve, Indonesia
Landscape of the Leang Leang Karst, Bantimurung Bulusaraung - Ma'Rupanne Biosphere Reserve, Indonesia
Landscape of the Leang Leang Karst, Bantimurung Bulusaraung - Ma'Rupanne Biosphere Reserve, Indonesia
Caving in the Bio-monitoring in the Bantimurung Bulusaraung - Ma'Rupanne Biosphere Reserve, Indonesia
Caving in the Bio-monitoring in the Bantimurung Bulusaraung - Ma'Rupanne Biosphere Reserve, Indonesia
Hydrosaurus celebensis, Bantimurung Bulusaraung - Ma'Rupanne Biosphere Reserve, Indonesia
Hydrosaurus celebensis, Bantimurung Bulusaraung - Ma'Rupanne Biosphere Reserve, Indonesia

肯尼亚、乌干达:埃尔贡山跨境生物圈保护区

设立埃尔贡山(Mount Elgon)跨境生物圈保护区将巩固肯尼亚埃尔贡山生物圈保护区(2003年)和乌干达埃尔贡山生物圈保护区(2005年)的水塔功能,提供一系列生态系统功能,并支持该地区的森林、野生动物生长和居民生计。这里是300多种鸟类的家园,生态系统类型极其丰富,动植物物种依据海拔分布在4个植被类型各异的生态区:山地混交林、竹林及低冠林、亚高山石楠灌丛、高山高沼地。保护区有近115万人口,平均分布在肯尼亚和乌干达。萨鲍特人、卢希亚人、特索人、吉苏人和其他土著族群聚居于此,当地社区主要以农业维持生计和满足当地需求。这些社区依赖林产品采集,如木柴、饲料、药用植物、野菜、竹笋、蘑菇、茅草和喂牛的盐。一些社区保护举措和计划已经开展,以确保社区支持生态系统的养护工作。

Mount Elgon Transboundary Biosphere Reserve (Kenya, Uganda) has an exceptional diversity of ecosystems as well as plant and animal species
Mount Elgon Transboundary Biosphere Reserve (Kenya, Uganda) has an exceptional diversity of ecosystems as well as plant and animal species
Mount Elgon Transboundary Biosphere Reserve (Kenya, Uganda) has an exceptional diversity of ecosystems as well as plant and animal species
Mount Elgon Transboundary Biosphere Reserve (Kenya, Uganda) has an exceptional diversity of ecosystems as well as plant and animal species
Mount Elgon Transboundary Biosphere Reserve (Kenya, Uganda) has an exceptional diversity of ecosystems as well as plant and animal species
Mount Elgon Transboundary Biosphere Reserve (Kenya, Uganda) has an exceptional diversity of ecosystems as well as plant and animal species
Mount Elgon Transboundary Biosphere Reserve (Kenya, Uganda) has an exceptional diversity of ecosystems as well as plant and animal species
Mount Elgon Transboundary Biosphere Reserve (Kenya, Uganda) has an exceptional diversity of ecosystems as well as plant and animal species

蒙古:鄂嫩-巴利生物圈保护区

鄂嫩-巴利(Onon-Balj)生物圈保护区位于西伯利亚和寒带针叶林的南部边缘,包括达斡尔草原和鄂嫩河、巴利河流域。这里主要的生态系统类型包括森林、草原和淡水,其特点是从肯特山脉至针叶林/寒带针叶林,再到草原的垂直过渡景观。该生物圈保护区不仅是湿地和水鸟热点,还拥有深厚的文化底蕴,包括与蒙古帝国创建者成吉思汗(1162-1227年)有关的历史遗址。保护区的部分区域用作传统公共土地,当地社区在此放牧,以及收割干草、种植蔬菜和收集非木材林产品供家庭使用。该生物圈保护区是文化旅游胜地,基于社区的环境友好型生态旅游亦在不断发展。

One of the three lakes of Gurvan Nuur, in Dadal, Onon-Balj Biosphere Reserve, Mongolia
One of the three lakes of Gurvan Nuur, in Dadal, Onon-Balj Biosphere Reserve, Mongolia
Herder in Onon-Balj Biosphere Reserve, Mongolia
Herder in Onon-Balj Biosphere Reserve, Mongolia
Onon River in Onon-Balj Biosphere Reserve, Mongolia
Onon River in Onon-Balj Biosphere Reserve, Mongolia
Upland buzzard, Onon-Balj Biosphere Reserve, Mongolia
Upland buzzard, Onon-Balj Biosphere Reserve, Mongolia

巴基斯坦:吉德拉尔的巴斯卡加拉姆查斯玛生物圈保护区

吉德拉尔的巴斯卡加拉姆查斯玛(Chitral Bashkar Garmchashma)生物圈保护区位于开伯尔-普什图省的吉德拉尔区,北部和西部与阿富汗接壤。吉德拉尔地区景观壮丽,拥有543座冰川和31座海拔7000米以上的山脉,包括蒂里奇米尔的三座山峰。该地区是多种近危和易危物种的栖息地,包括2种野生山羊(克什米尔捻角山羊和北山羊)、野生绵羊(拉达克盘羊)以及雪豹。该生物圈保护区人口为21万。这里还孕育了具有千年历史的吉德拉尔文化,融入十几个民族和多种语言,包括卡拉什语等濒危的印度—雅利安语言。该生物圈保护区的自然美景和文化多样性使其日益成为广受欢迎的生态旅游目的地。

The Chitral area has spectacular landscapes with 543 glaciers and 31 mountain ranges. Chitral Bashkar Garmchashma Biosphere Reserve, Pakistan.
The Chitral area has spectacular landscapes with 543 glaciers and 31 mountain ranges. Chitral Bashkar Garmchashma Biosphere Reserve, Pakistan.
The Chitral area has spectacular landscapes with 543 glaciers and 31 mountain ranges. Chitral Bashkar Garmchashma Biosphere Reserve, Pakistan.
The Chitral area has spectacular landscapes with 543 glaciers and 31 mountain ranges. Chitral Bashkar Garmchashma Biosphere Reserve, Pakistan.
The Chitral area has spectacular landscapes with 543 glaciers and 31 mountain ranges. Chitral Bashkar Garmchashma Biosphere Reserve, Pakistan.
The Chitral area has spectacular landscapes with 543 glaciers and 31 mountain ranges. Chitral Bashkar Garmchashma Biosphere Reserve, Pakistan.

巴基斯坦:加列斯生物圈保护区

加列斯(Gallies)生物圈保护区位于巴基斯坦开伯尔-普什图省温带湿润型气候的西喜马拉雅生态区域,这里由于拥有豹等大量濒危或近危物种,被全球公认为对生物多样性保护具有国际重要意义。保护区具有高度多样化的生态系统,包括亚高山草甸和针叶林、湿润温带森林和亚热带松林。该生物圈保护区也是7万人的家园。由于该地区丰富的文化遗产和独特的自然环境,旅游业发挥着至关重要的社会经济作用。当地政府为游客开发了各种基础设施,包括徒步走道、缆车、骑马和露营设施,以及每年接待约250万游客的旅游信息中心。

Coniferous forest in Gallies Biosphere Reserve, Pakistan
Coniferous forest in Gallies Biosphere Reserve, Pakistan
Snowy landscape in Gallies Biosphere Reserve, Pakistan
Snowy landscape in Gallies Biosphere Reserve, Pakistan
Gallies Biosphere Reserve, Pakistan
Gallies Biosphere Reserve, Pakistan
Gallies Biosphere Reserve, Pakistan
Gallies Biosphere Reserve, Pakistan

秘鲁:比森特纳里奥-阿亚库乔生物圈保护区

比森特纳里奥-阿亚库乔(Bicentenario-Ayacucho)生物圈保护区地处秘鲁中南部,属安第斯山脉中段,包括海拔1850-4450米的多种山地生态系统。这些生态系统包括季节性干燥林、安第斯高山湿地、残遗森林和安第斯灌丛。该生物圈保护区包括阿亚库乔大草原历史保护区,以及拥有世界上最大的莴氏普亚凤梨(Puya raimondii)种群的地区级保护区。这种别称为“安第斯皇后”的开花植物高大颀长,神似长颈鹿,最高可达15米。该地区还因其在历史、宗教和社会价值观方面丰富的文化多样性而闻名,包括与自然资源管理有关的地方和土著知识。保护区总人口超过30万,其中大部分居住在城市,如位于过渡区的阿亚库乔市。一半以上居民以克丘亚语为母语。经济活动包括农业、畜牧业、养鱼、旅游业和安第斯自给畜牧业以及服务业。

Crested Duck (Lophonetta specularioides), Bicentenario - Ayacucho Biosphere Reserve, Peru
Crested Duck (Lophonetta specularioides), Bicentenario - Ayacucho Biosphere Reserve, Peru
Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus), Bicentenario - Ayacucho Biosphere Reserve, Peru
Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus), Bicentenario - Ayacucho Biosphere Reserve, Peru
American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) in the Bicentenario - Ayacucho Biosphere Reserve, Peru
American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) in the Bicentenario - Ayacucho Biosphere Reserve, Peru
Landscape of the Manovo-Gounda St Floris National Park, a World Heritage property within the Protected Area Complex of Northeast Central African Republic Biosphere Reserve
Landscape of the Manovo-Gounda St Floris National Park, a World Heritage property within the Protected Area Complex of Northeast Central African Republic Biosphere Reserve
African buffaloes seen from above in the Protected Area Complex of Northeast Central African Republic Biosphere Reserve
African buffaloes seen from above in the Protected Area Complex of Northeast Central African Republic Biosphere Reserve
Protected Area Complex of Northeast Central African Republic Biosphere Reserve
Protected Area Complex of Northeast Central African Republic Biosphere Reserve
Transhumance of livestock in the Protected Area Complex of Northeast Central African Republic Biosphere Reserve
Transhumance of livestock in the Protected Area Complex of Northeast Central African Republic Biosphere Reserve

坦桑尼亚:鲁马基生物圈保护区

鲁马基(RUMAKI)生物圈保护区位于坦桑尼亚的林迪省的奎拉县及普瓦尼省的鲁菲吉县、马菲亚县和基比蒂县。该地区主要由复杂的沿海-海洋生态系统构成,覆盖坦桑尼亚的第一个海洋保护区——马菲亚岛海洋公园(1994年)。这里分布着珊瑚礁、海草床、红树林和潮间带等丰富多样的热带海洋生境,为海龟、候鸟、海豚和鲸鲨种群提供生存空间。鲁马基海域被认为是坦桑尼亚和整个东非最具生物生产力和多样性的海洋区域。保护区包含2个世界文化遗产地,它们与马菲亚岛一起,组成了该生物圈保护区最知名的旅游目的地。除旅游业外,小规模和半工业化渔业也是区内逾22.9万居民的主要生计来源。

Rufiji-Mafia-Kibiti-Kilwa Biosphere Reserve (RUMAKI), Tanzania
Rufiji-Mafia-Kibiti-Kilwa Biosphere Reserve (RUMAKI), Tanzania
Rufiji-Mafia-Kibiti-Kilwa Biosphere Reserve (RUMAKI), Tanzania
Rufiji-Mafia-Kibiti-Kilwa Biosphere Reserve (RUMAKI), Tanzania
Rufiji-Mafia-Kibiti-Kilwa Biosphere Reserve (RUMAKI), Tanzania
Rufiji-Mafia-Kibiti-Kilwa Biosphere Reserve (RUMAKI), Tanzania
Rufiji-Mafia-Kibiti-Kilwa Biosphere Reserve (RUMAKI), Tanzania
Rufiji-Mafia-Kibiti-Kilwa Biosphere Reserve (RUMAKI), Tanzania
UNESCO’s actions for biodiversity: making peace with nature
2022
UNESCO
0000383600

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