UNESCO/Toson-Khulstai Biosphere Reserve
Sinharaja
General information
Sinharaja is the largest continuous evergreen rain forest remaining in the lowland wet zone of Sri Lanka.
Detailed information
Key data
Year of nomination
1978
Country
Sri Lanka
Area
Surface
29,590.00 ha
Location
Latitiude: 6.38636 - Longitude: 80.4918
Contact
Ecosystem-based network
SACAM
Ecological Characteristics
Its importance for conservation is linked to its high endemism of flora and fauna. In 1971, 2,500 hectares of the Forest Reserve was transformed into a IUCN-IBP Strict Reserve with full protection for flora and fauna. In 1977, all timber exploitation in the entire forest was banned and in 1978, it was designated as a MAB Biosphere Reserve.
Socio-Economics Characteristics
Only 84 families were residing in the southern part of the reserve. There are 544 families living in peripheral villages (according to the statistics of Sinharaja Management Plan - 1992). These families are making their living from farming rubber, tea, cinnamon and seasonal crops such as paddy rice and vegetables. Approaches to improve rural development and local livelihoods include enrichment planting, using primary forest timber and non-timber species in Pinus stands, exploring the potential of locally esteemed non-timber species for domestication and deploying young people from adjacent villages to guide visitors around Sinharaja. Some 20,000 annual visitors come to the northwestern side of Sinharaja.
