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Natural Sciences

Regional Activities - Researches

Regional Activities - Researches
  • ©UNESCO/MAB

Component 1 "applied research" aims to improve the understanding of interactions between savannah ecosystems and societies. Environmental experts from African university networks and young researchers and Ph. D. students concretize this objective in their works on territorial organization of villages neighbouring the reserves, mobility of people and cattle, economic activities, multiple use of resources and sources of conflicts.

Eco-Functional Zones
Amadou Boureima of the University of Abdou Moumouni of Niamey, Niger, worked on eco-functional zones of two African biosphere reserves: Boucle du Baoulé in Mali (December 2005) and Mare aux Hippopotames in Burkina Faso (January 2006).

Eco-functional zones represent all villages and settlements whose relationships depend on common natural resources (pastoral, agricultural, cynegetic and halieutic). Reports resulting from studies focusing on eco-functional networks point out dynamics of biosphere reserves stakeholders generating, on one hand, sustainable resource uses practices and, on the other hand, conflicts of uses and of access.

Conflicts generally oppose indigenous communities to migrants, villagers to management authorities, representatives of different crafts making use of the same resource. Demographic increase, natural resources degradation, disappearing traditional territorial structures in the context of scarcity are factors of these conflicts.

Amadou Boureima demonstrates in his works the role of sustainable economic activities in limiting and preventing this type of conflicts. In order to avoid confrontations Moorish graziers concluded manuring agreements with agriculturists of three villages situated in the east of Boucle du Baoulé biosphere reserve in Mali. Shepherds, leaving from Djiguenni in Mauritania for a period of one-two months, are welcome in Malian villages where lands, cultivated without resting, are getting poor. Shepherd settles down in priority on his host's parcels and profits from culture residues. In exchange of the common pasture he receives cereals and moral protection from the host.

Eco-functional network research was also conducted within the framework of the follow-up of the state of conservation of the Comoé biosphere reserve (Côte d'Ivoire), inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger. The study was undertaken jointly by MAB, World Heritage Centre and UICN (The World Conservation Union). It demonstrates that although the military crisis lasts since 2002, natural resources have not been much affected. Experts recommend nevertheless the implementation of a ten-year plan designed to preserve and withdraw the Comoé site from UNESCO's List of World Heritage in Danger.

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Decentralization and Dynamic of Institutions in Natural Resources Management in West Africa
In his report on decentralization and dynamic of institutions in natural resources management Martin Yelkouni (CENAGREF) examines economic and institutional mechanisms for the sustainable resources management. In the context of a decentralization policy in West Africa he considers such questions as property rights to natural resources and modes of their appropriation in biosphere reserves.

The process of decentralization was launched after West African States, ground landlords, realized that their forest policies were incompatible with practices of peasants.

Through the example of Mare aux hippopotames biosphere reserve Martin YELKOUNI points out the failure of public policies in biosphere reserves management. Today Burkina Faso has chosen the system of land grant. Within the PAGEN (partnership for natural ecosystems management programme) framework, State delegates natural resources management to village-based groups. PAGEN prompts creation of inter villages associations responsible for natural resources and fauna management (AGEREF) which directly implies local stakeholders in biodiversity conservation. These structures will, over a long term, become the only natural resources managers.

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Doctoral and Master's Degree Researches
Component 1 "applied research" plans to support two doctoral dissertations and four DEA/DESS (master's) degrees per country. Themes proposed to students are territorial organization of villages neighbouring the reserves, mobility of people and cattle, economic activities, multiple use of resources and sources of conflicts.

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Côte d'Ivoire

Mali

Niger

Senegal

 
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