Illustrations

T A B L E S
1	Sample measurements of beach width
2	Hurricane categories
3	General cost ranges for sea defence structures in the Caribbean islands
4	Prospective buyer's checklist for site vulnerability to erosion
5	Beach field trip activities for primary schoolchildren
F I G U R E S
1	Map of the Caribbean region
2	Cross-section of a typical beach
3	Origin of swell waves affecting the Caribbean islands
4	Seasonal beach changes
5	Accretionary coastal features
6	Structures to protect coastal land and property
7	Slope stabilization using gabions
8	Track of Hurricane Erika, 4–10 September 1997
9	Typical beach cross-section before and after a hurricane
10	Satellite view of Hurricane Iris, 1995
11	Main hurricane tracks in the Caribbean islands
12	Dune retreat after a hurricane
13	Features of retaining walls and bulkheads
14	Bulkheads and flank protection
15	Community approach to shore protection
16	Longshore sediment transport
17	Effect of a single groyne
18	Effect of a groyne field
19	Plan view of an offshore breakwater
20	Floating tyre breakwater
21	Before and after beach nourishment
22	Beach nourishment with dredged sand
23	Storm wave attack on a beach and dune
24	Recommended construction on a dune
25	Cross-section showing typical vegetation zones in a coastal dune area
26	Typical deltas associated with a tidal inlet
27	Fringing and barrier reefs
28	Coral reefs and beach protection
29	Beachrock formation
30	How beachface dewatering works
31	Beachface dewatering system
P H O T O G R A P H S
1	Sand beach, Pigeon Point, Antigua, 1995
2	Eroded beach, Runaway Bay, Antigua, 1997
3	Winter beach conditions, Folkestone, Barbados, 1980.
4	Summer beach conditions, Folkestone, Barbados, 1980
5	Measuring beach changes
6	Deteriorated gabion groynes, Speightstown, Barbados, 1980
7	Gabion channel stabilization, Tent Bay, Barbados, 1987
8	Pre-hurricane beach conditions, Barnes Bay, Anguilla, 1994
9	Post-hurricane beach conditions, Barnes Bay, Anguilla, 1995
10	Black sand beach, Byera, Saint Vincent, 1995
11	White sand beach, Grace Bay, Providenciales, Turks and Caicos Islands, 1995
12	Stone beach, Iles Bay, Montserrat, winter 1990
13	Sand and stone beach, Rockaway Beach, Dominica, June 1994
14	Seawall and groynes, Cockburn Town, Grand Turk, 1995
15	Boulder groynes, Nisbett Plantation, Nevis, 1992
16	Settling pond, Peter Island, British Virgin Islands, 1990
17	Pre-beach nourishment conditions, Pinneys Beach, Nevis, 1995
18	Post-beach nourishment conditions, Pinneys Beach, Nevis, March 1996
19	Pre-mining conditions, Diamond Bay, Saint Vincent, 1980
20	Post-mining conditions, Diamond Bay, Saint Vincent, 1995
21	Breach in the dune line, Isabela, Puerto Rico, 1996
22	Sand fences help to speed up dune formation
23	Sand fence made of wooden pallets, Arecibo, Puerto Rico, 1997
24	Dune erosion resulting from Hurricane Luis, Rendezvous Bay, Anguilla, 1995
25	Wooden walkway, Grace Bay, Providenciales, 1997
26	Warning notice on a manchineel tree, Mustique, 1993
27	Undermined palm trees, Levera, Grenada, 1986
28	Tree planting, Brandywine Bay, Tortola, 1990
29	Sand spit, White River, Jamaica, 1988
30	Beach drainage channel, Cotton Ground, Nevis, 1983
31	Ebb-tidal delta, Leeward-going -through Channel, Turks and Caicos Islands, 1997
32	Healthy coral reef
33	Coral rubble resulting from Hurricane Luis, Cove Bay, Anguilla, 1995
34	Beachrock ledge, Vieux Fort, Saint Lucia, 1989
35	Newly installed artificial seaweed units, Barbados, 1985
36	Artificial seaweed units eight months after installation, Barbados, 1986
37	Tombolo, Scotts Head, Dominica, 1994
38	Sand dunes, Rendezvous Bay, Anguilla, 1994
39	Beach erosion, Josiahs Bay, British Virgin Islands, 1990
40	Revegetation project, Heywoods, Barbados, 1987

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